Zoonotic infectious disease constitute a tenacious and major social and economic problem，and also a huge threat to public-health and the state security． Laboratory animals play an irreplaceable role in research on prevention and control of zoonotic infectious disease． The paper was a review and prospect in such respects as harm of zoonotic infectious disease，the role of laboratory animal，the application of laboratory animal in the study of important zoonotic infectious disease，influence of zoonotic infectious disease on laboratory animal's health，the exploitation of neotype laboratory animals．