Objective To establish experimental vascular dementia rat model and evaluate gait behavior. Methods Vascular dementia rat model induced by bilateral carotid artery ligation methods, 50 days for real-time gait behavioral training and testing after surgery. Results Compared with the sham group, Experimental vascular dementia model rats had 19 gait indicators appeared significantly statistical difference, Animal model gait abnormal behavior is mainly reflected in the forelimb step width increased (P < 0.05), each foot walk cycle extension (P < 0.05), Each foot stance time increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and the swing time shortened (P < 0.05), Homologous coupling shortened (P < 0.05), each foot average footprint area and average intensity increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Conclusion Experimental rat model of vascular dementia in real time gait abnormal behavior and seen in patients with clinical symptoms similar, can provide a reference model for the establishment and judgment.