Objective To accurately determine the biological characteristics, especially the disease-related indexes of SPF rabbits, and their gender differences. Methods A total of thirty 70-80 day old SPF New Zealand rabbits (male : female=1:1) were fed for a week, and then we weighed the body weight and main organs, determined the blood physiological and biochemical indexes, blood gas and arterial pressure, and measured the ventricular pressure by thoracotomy under respiratory support. Results Comparison of the male and female SPF New Zealand rabbits showed that there were significant differences in the mass of thyroid, adrenal gland, and liver (P<0.05 or P<0.01); the brain, pituitary gland, thyroid gland organ coefficients (P<0.05 or P<0.01); the thyroid/brain, adrenal/brain, and liver/brain ratios (P<0.05 or P<0.01); the mean erythrocyte volume and mean hemoglobin content (P<0.05 or P<0.01); and in glutamyl transpetidase and amylase (P<0.05 or P<0.01), but no significant differences in blood gas analysis, heart rate and carotid artery systolic and diastolic blood pressure, left ventricular systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and right ventricular systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusions The gender has an impact on organ weight and blood physiological and biochemical indexes in New Zealand rabbits, but no significant influence on blood gas, blood pressure, heart rate and ventricular pressure in the rabbits.