Objective To examine hematological and biochemical parameters in 30 common marmosets, count the mean and standard deviations of each index, and analyze significant differences between female and male groups. Additionally, data from marmosets and macaque breeding were compared. Methods Blood was collected through the posterior limb vein while animals were awake. Hematology and serum biochemical indices were then measured with an automatic blood cell analyzer and blood biochemical analyzer, followed by statistical testing. Results No significant differences were measured in hematological indices between male and female groups. There was a significant difference between the female and male group in serum biochemical indices including high-density ipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) ( P < 0.05). Compared with the foreign marmoset group, HGB, MCHC, NEUT, ALT, AST, and GLOB were visibly increased in the group of marmosets fed by our institution, but in accordance with the data range in rhesus monkeys. Conclusions Hematological and serum biochemical indices of common marmosets have been detected in this study and compared with related data in macaques and marmosets. Our findings provide basic data not only for pharmacological and toxicological studies, but also diagnosis and treatment of diseases.