Drugs are among the most important therapeutics for kidney diseases, including glucocorticoids and antirejection agents. Zebrafish is widely used for chemical screening and analyses of gene mutagenesis and molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. Recently, several models of kidney disease have been established in zebrafish, providing the potential to identify and verify novel renoprotective drugs. Here, we discuss the feasibility of zebrafish for small-molecular drug screening in nephrology and summarize kidney disease models in zebrafish as well as new drugs for kidney diseases.