Objective To establish a nude mouse model of prostate cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) andusing this model to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of different treatment regimens. Methods Fresh prostate cancer surgicalspecimens were mixed with Matrigel and transplanted into nude mice supplemented with exogenous androgens. Tumor growthwas continuously monitored, the fidelity was evaluated, and serial passage was performed. Tumor-bearing mice were dividedinto four groups: docetaxel, castration, docetaxel combined with castration and control groups. The tumor volume andmouse body weight were measured during treatment. After treatment, serum total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) level andhistopathological changes of the tumors were detected. Results The PDX model of prostate cancer was successfullyestablished, including hormone-sensitive (D17225) and castration-resistant (C40019) tumors, which retained the mainfeatures of primary tumors. Serum tPSA and other test results showed that docetaxel and docetaxel combined castrationinhibited the D17225 tumor growth significantly. Conclusions The PDX model of prostate cancer is successfullyestablished and can be stably passaged. Docetaxel or combined castration therapy show significant therapeutic effects on the hormone-sensitive (D17225) prostate cancer PDX model.