Parkinson’ s disease is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system in which dopaminergicneurons in the substantia nigra gradually degenerate and are lost, leading to damage of the substantia nigra-striatumpathway. The main clinical treatments for this disease are drugs and surgery, but both only relieve short-term symptoms andhave many side effects. Moreover, neither results in a cure. Stem cells have the capacity for self-renewal and a multidirectionaldifferentiation potential. Stem cell transplantation can result in nerve regeneration and restoration within thedamaged tissue, bringing hope for a possible treatment for Parkinson’ s disease. This article compares and analyzes theseparation methods, modes of transplantation, efficacy, and advantages and disadvantages of different types of stem cells inthe treatment of Parkinson’s disease. It also summarizes possible mechanisms by which stem cells could provide a treatmentfor Parkinson’s disease. This article should aid the selection of cell types and methods of transplantation for use in clinical trials.