Alternatives to the use of experimental animals in education
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Center for Experimental Animals, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China

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    Abstract:

    In 1959, the British zoologist Russell and the microbiologist Burch proposed the “Three R principles,” which are replacement, reduction, and refinement. Replacement is the first principle to consider when conducting animal experiments. Here, we review the current state of the application of the principle of replacement to the use of experimental animals in international and domestic education, specifically through the use of models, props, and mechanical simulations, as well as film- and video-based teaching. Virtual ( simulation ) experimental systems and 3D printing technology are briefly introduced and analyzed. We also provide some suggestions based on the following three aspects: increasing attention, reserving technology, and guaranteeing funds. The aim of this paper aims is to put forward some suggestions on how to replace experimental animals with other alternatives in education in our country and how to pay more attention to this important issue.

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History
  • Received:December 26,2019
  • Online: August 25,2020
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