Rabbits and primates have similar evolutionary history and vascular morphological characteristics similar to humans. In addition, rabbits are very sensitive to cholesterol overload. After eating a high cholesterol diet, hypercholesterolemia can be formed in a short time. Therefore, rabbits have unique advantages to establish atherosclerosis models rapidly and concisely. Many method establish rabbit as animal models, including the traditional high-fat diet feeding method , the femoral artery balloon injury combined with high-fat diet feeding, CRISPR/ Cas9 gene editing technology and other emerging modeling method . In this paper, we review the establishment method and advantages and disadvantages of rabbit as models commonly used and emerging in recent years.