MicroRNAs ( miRNAs) are a class of endogenous non coding small RNA, with a length of 20 ~ 23 nucleotides. MicroRNA-125 (miR-125)is a highly conserved miRNA family, which is composed of miR-125a, miR-125b-1 and miR-125b-2. More and more evidences show that miR-125 participates in a variety of pathophysiological processes in vivo, regulates the homeostasis and differentiation of a variety of cells, including immune cells, and is closely related to a variety of autoimmune diseases, which is expected to become a new therapeutic target. This paper reviews the relationship between miR-125 family and autoimmune diseases and immune cells.