Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a group of metabolic disorders that directly increases the risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. The incidence of MS is rising worldwide, the mortality and economic burden of which are increasing each year. miRNAs play a crucial role in various biological processes by regulating gene expression through transcriptional mechanisms, and alterations of gene expression are associated with glucose and lipid metabolic disorders. Therefore, we selected certain MS-related miRNAs and summarized the roles and possible mechanisms of miRNAs in the regulation of MS components to facilitate understanding the mechanism underlying the MS development, explored the potential of miRNAs as MS biomarkers, and provide new ideas for MS treatment.