Cirrhosis is caused by an imbalance of hyperplasia and extracellular matrix decomposition in the liver for various reasons, and it is a major link between various liver diseases to the development of cirrhosis. The process of liver fibrosis is reversible. Liver injury leads to activation of hepatic stellate cells to form muscle fibrocytes, excessive extracellular matrix deposition in the liver, and then liver fibrosis. Its consequences often lead to irreversible cirrhosis and even liver cancer. The specific pathogenesis and molecular signal transduction mechanism of liver fibrosis are unclear. Therefore, it is important to explore the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis and investigate anti-fibrotic target drugs. To this end, this article reviews the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and the related signal transduction studies.