Multiple sclerosis ( MS) is a neurodegenerative disease mainly characterized by inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system in humans, accompanied by axonal damage, gliosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Daily feeding with the copper chelator dicyclohexanone oxalyl dihydrazone (cuprizone, CPZ) can induce demyelination, oligodendrocyte apoptosis, proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, and activation of astrocytes and microglia in the central nervous system in mice, while gradual remyelination occurs once CPZ is omitted from the meals. A CPZ-induced model is therefore commonly used to study demyelination and remyelination of MS. This paper focus on the construction of the CPZ mouse model, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, and myelin regeneration, and discusses the characteristic therapies for MS in the CPZ model, to provide a theoretical basis for the wide application of this model in scientific research and medical practice.