Neurodegenerative diseases are chronic and progressive neurological diseases characterized by loss of a large number of specific neurons. They mainly include Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Although the lesions and etiologies of various types of neurodegenerative diseases are different, delayed neurodegenerative lesions and cell loss in specific brain areas are common characteristics. For this reason, they are collectively referred to as neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, zebrafish have attracted increasing attention as a new type of model organism. Although some differences exist between zebrafish and human central nervous systems, zebrafish neural conduction systems, neuronal and glial cell types, and disease-related gene homology are very similar to those of humans. Zebrafish has been widely used to study neurodegenerative diseases, and some achievements have been made in this field to improve our understanding of these diseases. However, because of the complexity, multiple factors, and multi-gene regulation of neurodegenerative diseases, the etiology and pathogenesis of zebrafish are unclear. Therefore, treatment of this kind of disease has been difficult. By consulting the relevant literature from home and abroad in recent years, this artcile reviews recent advances in neurodegenerative diseases using zebrafish as a model organism.