Alzheimer’ s disease (AD) is an invasive neurodegenerative disease, the cause of which is still unknown. Neuroinflammation is a chronic inflammatory response activated by microglia and astrocytes in the central nervous system that is closely related to the release of many inflammatory factors and the destruction of the blood-brain barrier. Studies have shown that neuroinflammation is the third largest pathological change in AD after β-amyloid deposition and neurofibrillary tangles. In this paper, the information available on microglia, astrocytes and their interactions is summarized. The roles of these cells in neuroinflammation and AD are presented and discussed to provide a theoretical and experimental reference for the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of AD.