Leukemia is a critical disease with a high incidence and extremely high fatality rate. Immune escape by leukemia stem cells ( LSC ) is the main factor for recurrence and progression after remission. Clinical diagnosis and treatment by Traditional Chinese Medicine( TCM) have distinct advantages of syndrome differentiation and treatment. Based on the purpose of diagnosis and treatment, leukemia treatment by TCM emphasizes the harmony of yin and yang to restore human functions, which is conducive to improve autoimmunity and conforms to the mechanism of intervention for tumor cell immune escape. This article discusses the mechanism and research progress of TCM interventions in LSC immune escape based on literature and TCM theory.