Medical and pharmaceutical research laboratories encompass a wide range of study areas. They utilize diverse materials ranging from animals and microorganisms to nanoparticles and other substances. However, as laboratory waste increases, more biosafety risks are created. In this context, we outlined the safety risks associated with gene amplification, gene recombination, research involving pathogenic microorganisms, nanotechnology, animal experiments, genetically modified animals, and experimental waste. Additionally, we here in propose preventive measures to mitigate laboratory biosafety risks. These measures primarily involve the development of strict legal frameworks, improvement of hardware infrastructure, strengthening of safety awareness, and enhancement of education and training programs.