Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women. Chemotherapy, as an important part of its comprehensive treatment, often induces a variety of adverse reactions, among which cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most common ones. At present, the pathogenesis of CRF remains unclear, and there is a lack of reliable diagnosis and treatment method. Intestinal barrier dysfunction is considered to be one of the important pathogenic mechanisms of CRF, while probiotics can alleviate CRF symptoms by repairing the intestinal barrier,regulating immunity and inflammatory responses. This review summarizes the research progress of probiotic intervention in CRF of breast cancer patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy, aiming to provide new ideas for clinical adjuvant therapy.