Physiological telemetry technology enables the real-time monitoring of physiological parameters in freely moving organisms using wireless transmission, thus overcoming the spatial limitations of traditional detection method. This provides reliable physiological data in fields such as cardiovascular pharmacology, neuroscience, and metabolic research. This paper systematically reviews the technical principles and current status of implantable and non-implantable systems, summarizing core technological advancements such as sensor miniaturization, optimized wireless energy transmission, and the application of intelligent algorithms. The review further analyzes the adaptability of different experimental animal models and their application value in fields such as cardiovascular medicine and neuroscience. Future developments will focus on continuing breakthroughs in flexible electronics, intelligent algorithms, and standardized operations to achieve more precise and universal physiological monitoring. By integrating artificial intelligence and 3D printing technology, telemetry technology will be widely applicable in both basic research and clinical translation.