Monkeypox is an infectious disease caused by Monkeypox virus （MPXV） infection. The host of MPXV remains unclear, and rodents and nonhuman primates consider the potential hosts. Monkeypox is rapidly spreading globally. However, the animal models for Monkeypox have not developed in the last decades in China. MPXV is a pathogen that seriously threat to human health. Its transmission among the population has presented new characteristics. Therefore, this article describes the discovery of MPXV and the early epidemic, different types of infection and co-infection. In addition, the experimental infection and animal models for Monkeypox in rodents and nonhuman primates were expounded in this paper.