Atherosclerosis(AS), the primary pathological basis of coronary heart disease, is of significant importance in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease. Neuropilin-1 (NRP1), a member of the neuropilin receptor family, is closely associated with various growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). NRP1 influences the progression of atherosclerosis through its crucial roles in angiogenesis, inflammatory responses, and the sensing of shear stress on the vascular endothelium. Therefore, a thorough exploration of the mechanisms underlying NRP1's role in atherosclerosis and the development of NRP1-targeted therapeutic strategies will provide new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis.