Objective This study aims to explore the efficacy and underlying mechanism of Astragalus in the treatment of Viral Pancreatitis using network pharmacology, and subsequently confirm the efficacy and mechanism in cell experiments. Methods Astragalus and Viral Pancreatitis targets were obtained in TCMSP and Gene Cards database, then combining the two results to obtain intersection targets. GO functional enrichment analysis and KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis of therapeutic targets were conducted based on DAVID database. The interaction between the therapeutic targets was analyzed by STRING database and Cytoscape 3.10.2, and the core therapeutic targets were screened. PyMOL 3.0 and AutoDock Tolls 1.5.7 were used to complete the molecular docking between the most effective therapeutic components and the core targets. The CVB3 virus was used to construct a viral pancreatitis cell model, and the above core targets were verified. Results 78 therapeutic targets were obtained. The results of enrichment analysis showed that the possible signaling pathways were cancer pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, etc. In addition, AKT1, TP53, HIF1 A, CASP3, IL-6, MMP9 may be the core targets. The results of cell experiments showed that the expression level of AMY in the model group was significantly increased. The expression levels of AMY, AKT1, TP53, HIF1 A, CASP3, IL-6 and MMP9 in the Astragalus Injection group were significantly decreased compared with the model group. Conclusion Astragalus injection can effectively treat viral pancreatitis, and may play a therapeutic role by reducing the expression levels of AKT1, TP53, HIF1 A, CASP3, IL-6 and MMP9.