Abstract:Objective Using the methods of RT-PCR and virus isolation for verifying the SARS infection animal model and evaluating the effect of vaccine. Method We chose 3 years old SPF macaques, and inoculated the SARS coronavirus by dropping in their nose. Those infected animals served as SARS model to test SARS candidate vaccine. Throat swab specimens and the plasma specimens were collected in different time after monkeys were infected. Result After challenged, the throat swab specimens from the SARS infection animal model are positive every day till death and the throat swab specimens from vaccine immunized monkeys are positive only at the first day by the method of RT-PCR .The plasma specimens from the monkeys of SARS infection animal model are positive and the plasma specimens from the vaccine immunized monkeys are negative by the method of RT-PCR.We isolate the SARS virus on the the throat swab specimens from the SARS infection animal model. Conclusion These methods are fast and efficient. They can be used to identify the SARS infection animal model , evaluate the efficiency of vaccine and screen medicines.

Abstract:Objective To analyse microsatellite DNA polymorphisms and genetic monitoring of ten inbred mouse strains. Metheds 16 microsatellites DNA loci on different chromosomes in ten inbred mouse strains were investigated by PCR analysis. Results Fourteen microsatellites DNA could be amplified efficiently, and displayed polymorphism among the various strains,and no polymorphism in the same mouse strains. Conclusion Analysis of microsatellites DNA polymorphisms by the fourteen microsatellites DNA is a fast and economical way for genetic monitoring among ten inbred mouse strains.

Abstract:Objective To study the genetic polymorphism of genomic DNA and genetic profile in a new guinea pig strain,and probe into the feasibility of RAPD-PCR method in genetic monitoring in guinea pig. Method The genomic DNA of Zmu-1:DHP strain and DHP guinea pig,as a compared strain, are amplified with the RAPD-PCR method. Results Two random primers with polymorphism were screened from 40 primers. No polymorphism occured in the amplified DNA product of Zmu-1:DHP strain, and the pattern of amplified product of Zmu-1:DHP strain was identical with most individuals of DHP strain. The amplified product of a small number of individuals in DHP strain demonstrated the polymorphism, and two characteristic DNA fragments were found in the strain.Conclusion The genetic homogeneity and the individual identity of Zmu-1:DHP strain is higher than DHP strain. There is a little difference between DNA sequences of the both strains. RAPD-PCR could be used in the identity of the strains and the monitoring of the genetic quality in guinea pig.

Abstract:Objective Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is an important serum protein that plays a role in lipid metabolism. Moreover, apoE4 has been identified as a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In order to study the relationship between the gene dose and effect at the whole body level, we bred the homozygous hApoE7 transgenic mice. Methods F1 generation of the C 57BL/6-hApoE7 transgenic mice was mated, using PCR method and Southern blot to test the offspring.The image of the blot was done with laser scanning to identify the copy number of hApoE7, the copy number of the homozygote should be as twice as heterozygote. Then those homozygous mice were cross-bred with normal C 57BL/6 mice to test further. Results 6 F1 generation and 7 F2 generation transgenic mice including 3 homozygotes were identified by Southern blot. The offspring of the crossbreeding of the homozygous mice with normal C 57BL/6 mice were all positive by PCR examination. Conclusion Through breeding the homozygous hApoE7 transgenic mice, we found apoE7 gene could be inherited stably in the transgenic mice and the inheritance pattern of the transgene was compatible with a single autosomal integration site.

Abstract:目的：为提高缺损神经的再生效果，探求更为理想的肌桥。方法：对取材于犬的缝匠肌颅、尾侧部的肌桥进行了组化分型及桥接缺损神经的实验观察。结果：实验用的肌桥均由Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型的肌纤维混合配布组成，但构成比例有较大差异。取材于缝匠肌颅侧部的肌桥主要由Ⅱ型肌纤维组成，取材于尾侧部的肌桥主要由Ⅰ型肌纤维组成。由Ⅰ型肌纤维为主要构成的缝匠肌尾侧部肌桥桥接的缺损神经的再生效果较好。结论：肌桥的肌型配布差异对桥接后的缺损神经的再生有较大影响。

Abstract:Objective To explore and establish a suit of method of cryopreservation of mouse spermatozoa. Methods Two kinds of cryopreservation protection solutions(CPS and RS318) and two thawed methods were studied. Four strains(B 6DF 1,CD-1,DBA, C 57BL/6) of mouse spermatozoa were cooled rapidly and slowly respectively. Then frozen-thawed spermatozoa and oocytes were used for in vitro fertilization(IVF) under the control of fresh sperm. The techniques of culture and embryos transfer were used. Results There was no remarkable difference in the rates of IVF between CPS and RS318 or two thawed methods. The rates of IVF(35%,34%,17%)of tests of B 6DF 1,CD-I,C 57BL/6 mouse spermatozoa cooled rapidly were remarkably lower than those of fresh spermatozoa(60%,59%,34%) and spermatozoa cooled slowly(62%,58%,30%),and the rates of pregnancy in the tests of spermatozoa cooled were remarkably lower than those in fresh spermatozoa except for DBA. Conclusion Mouse spermatozoa cooled slowly is a feasible method, with dry thawed and dilution methods used.

Abstract:Objective To find a sort of cells which is more sensitive for the cytotoxicity experiment on bedding materials.Methods The acetone extractions of beddings with different concentration were added in mouse fibroblast,S 180_S-2D-9 cells and H 22_H-2D-8 cells.The total protein of cells was measured by the method of Comassie brilliant blue after being cultured 72 hours and the livability of cells was counted.Then, the sensitivity of the three cells was compared.Results The H 22_H-2D-8 cells were more sensitive in the range of 1-40 mg/ml.Conclusion H 22_H-2D-8 cells can be used in the cytotoxicity experiment on bedding materials.

Abstract:Objective To measure and compare the normal values of blood routine examination in conventional,SPF SD and Wistar rats.Methods Hitachi-7150 was used in this experiment. Results The ALT,ALB,ALP,BUN,CRE,Fe,P,Mg,UA,LDL,PBA in conventional and SPF SD rats had very significant difference (P<0.01).The TP,ALB,ALP,CHO,TG,BUN,LDH,P,Mg,UA,HDL, PBA in conventional and SPF Wistar rats had very significant difference(P<0.01),the LDL had significant difference(P<0.05),the ALT,ABG,CRE,Fe,GLU,GOT had little difference(P>0.05). Conclusion Different microbiological background significantly affects the biochemical values of rats.

Abstract:Objective To observe the thoracic anatomic structure of rat for the experimental study of pectus excavatum. Methods Four younger and four adult Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were selected . The breath style, posterior-anterior and transverse diameter were recorded after general anesthesia. Gross and fault anatomic structure of chest was observed. Results (1) Diaphragmatic breathing was the main breath style and the anteroposterior diameter was larger than that of transverse. (2) The pleura and perichondrium were very thin; the sternum was divided into 4-6 segments connected with cartilage; the position of costochondral junction was at the posterior lateral side of rib anterior arch; there was only one lobe in left lung and four lobes in right. (3) A full and symmetric anterior chest wall was obtained and its heart in left posterior of sternum was not compressed in chest transverse section; the main structure between sternum and spine was heart, the anterior chest wall and sternum are no curve and depression in chest sagittal section. Conclusions There are remarkable difference of thoracic contour and the rib ring shape between SD rat and human being. The diaphragmatic muscle is more developed than that of chest wall in younger rat and the heart is in contact with anterior chest wall in a large area.

Abstract:目的　了解可移植膀胱肿瘤细胞的生物学特性。方法　利用相差显微镜观察其形态特征。为了解MBT 2细胞的生长特性 ,采用计数的方法测定细胞生长曲线 ;MTT法对细胞在不同培养介质中的生长率进行测定。为测定肿瘤细胞的肿瘤形成能力 ,将不同剂量的肿瘤细胞注射到C3H同基因鼠右后侧腹皮下 ,每周两次用测量器测定肿瘤的两径。结果　MBT 2肿瘤细胞多数呈梭形 ,单层贴壁生长。核 质比例约为 1∶2。细胞间界限清楚。细胞接种后生长缓慢 ,第 3天生长速度开始加快 ,第 7天达到高峰。在不同的培养介质中肿瘤细胞的生长速度基本相同。在测定肿瘤的形成能力时我们发现 ,接种了 1× 10 6 肿瘤细胞的小鼠最快形成肿瘤。在接种后第 2 3天 ,小鼠的死亡率高达 90 % ,而此时 ,皮下肿瘤体积尚小。这可能是因为肿瘤转移所致。接种了 1× 10 4 肿瘤细胞的小鼠 ,皮下肿瘤的生长速度较慢。在接种 2周内无肿瘤形成。而接种了 1× 10 5肿瘤细胞的小鼠 ,在接种后第 3周 ,肿瘤的发生率可达 80 % ,而且无死亡发生。结论　不同的培养介质对MBT 2的生长无明显影响。皮下注射建立可移植膀胱肿瘤动物模型时 ,接种剂量为 1× 10 5细胞 只较好。

Abstract:Objective To develop a mouse model of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Method 35 Swiss mice were inoculated intranasally with type 3 encapsuled Streptococcus pneumoniae solution. The controls (5 Swiss mice) were inoculated with sterilized saline. The histological sections of the nasal cavities and nasal sinuses were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Neutrophil clusters in the nasal cavities and nasal sinuses were checked. Results There was significant red blood cells exudation before the 5th day of inoculation. Then on day 8, neutrophil clusters were examined and by day 11 and 14 the number of neutrophil clusters gained its peak. The amount of inflammation disappeared by day 28. Conclusions Streptococcus pneumoniae induces acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in Swiss mouse, and it can be used as an animal model of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis.

Abstract:Objective To establish proper animal model of emphysema by inhaling papain of ultrasonic atomization and injecting papain. Methods Rabbits were injected with 8% papain into auricle vena and inhaled 5% papain of ultrasonic atomization. Blood gas values and pulmonary function were examined. And the pulmonary tissues were investigated under microscope. Results Compared with normal group, the lung indications of pH, PaO 2, PaCO 2, Vt, Zrs, Rc, R(5Hz) in model group changed in evidence. The pathologic changes of pulmonary tissues accorded with emphysema's. Conclusion The rabbit model of emphysema was made with success, and it could meet all kinds of study requirement.

Abstract:目的　探索快速安全地麻醉贵州小型香猪的方法。方法　 90头贵州小型香猪随机分为肌内注射组、腹腔注射组、静脉注射组 ,比较用 3%戊巴比妥钠溶液麻醉的显效时间、麻醉效果及死亡率。结果　肌内注射显效时间 (15± 5 )min ,麻醉效果优 80 %、良 16 7%、死亡 3 3% ;腹腔注射显效时间 (13± 4 )min ,麻醉效果优 6 0 %、良2 0 %、差 16 7%、死亡 3 3% ;静脉注射显效时间 (10± 2 )min ,麻醉效果优 73 3%、良 16 7%、死亡 10 % ;结论　肌内注射麻醉是一种安全可靠的麻醉方法。

Abstract:The intraluminal thread occlusion model in the middle cerebral artery of rats is usually believed a standard animal model of focal cerebral ischemia. A lot of researchs have been made on it. In this article, we have discussions about animal selection, drugs and methods of anesthesia, selection, manufacture and placing methods and depth of lynon thread, selection of surgical site, evaluation of successful model, complication, and so on.

Abstract:The animal experiment room was rebuilt on the first floor of biological department in Tsinghua University. It is about 130 m2.The thesis introduced auctorial design, practical plan, characteristic of IVC cages, requirement of use as well as the rebuilding experience.

Abstract:Research on animals has laid the foundation for breakthroughs in a range of scientific fields. Indeed, research on animals has played a central role in science throughout the 20th century. But its ethical considerations have attracted increasing attention in recent years .The clinical value and ethical propriety of animal research have come under challenge and attack. This paper discusses some of the ethical issues raised by animal research, and several proposals for problem solving.