Abstract:Objective To establish normal range and mean values of blood biochemical measurements in SPF SD rats used in long-term toxicity test. Methods Blood samples were taken from SPF SD rats in different age and sex. A number of blood biochemical parameters were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Results Normal range and mean values of all data were obtained. Most biochemical values were influenced by age and sex of the rats. The variations of TBil, ALP, TG in rats of different sex and ALP, CK, TG, CHO in rats in different age showed a clear regularity. Conclusion It is inappropriate to combine the biochemical data obtained from female and male rats together for statistical analysis in long-term toxicity test. Attention should be paid to the influence of age and sex of rats when biochemical data collected in an experiment are compared with normal values and ranges.

Abstract:Objective To provide normal range and mean value of blood biochemical parameters in SPF Wistar rats to serve long-term toxicity test as reference baselines. Methods Blood samples were taken from SPF Wistar rats in different age and sex. By using an automatic chemistry analyzer, a variety of blood biochemical parameters were measured. Results Normal range and mean values of all parameters were obtained. Most biochemical measurements were influenced by age and sex of the rats. The variations of TBil, ALP, TG in rats of different sex and ALP, CK, TG, CHO in rats in different age showed an apparent regularity. Conclusion It is not proper to combine the biochemical data obtained from female and male rats together for statistical analysis in long-term toxicity test. When data are compared with normal values and ranges, attention should be paid to the influence of are and sex of Wistar rats on variation of blood biochemical values.

Abstract:Objective To establish normal values and ranges of blood biochemical measurements in Beagle dogs, to he used as reference values for long-term toxicity test. Methods Blood samples were taken from Beagle dogs in different age and sex. A number of blood biochemical parameters were measured with an automatic chemistry analyzer. Results Mean values and normal ranges of all data were obtained. Part of the biochemical values were influenced by sex difference. The activities of ALP and CK were weaker along with the increasing age of dogs. Conclusion In long-term toxicity test, it is necessary to pay attention to the influence of age and sex of Beagle dogs, when data obtained in an experiment are compared with their normal values and ranges.

Abstract:Objective To study the effect of the traditional Chinese medicine Jiaweiwuru Tang on calcium oxalate renal stone formation induced by ethylene glycol(EG) and vitamin D_3([Ia(OH)VitD3]) in Sprague-Dawley rats.(Jiaweiwuru Tang is composed of Qiancaogen,Wuzeigu,Beiqi,Rougui,Jinqiancao,Haijinsha,etc.) Methods The renal function,calcium oxalated crystallization,24h urinary calcium and oxalate excretion were measured.The kidney tissues were examined by histopathology.Results In the Jiaweiwuru Tang treatment groups the renal tissue calcium and urinary calcium excretion were significantly lower than those in model groups,and there was few oxalate crystals precipitated in the renal tissue.Conclusion Jiaweiwuru Tang is effective in preventing the formation of calcium oxalate stones by inhibiting calcium oxalated crystals growth and aggregation.

Abstract:Objective To study the head and neck vascular anatomic structures of domestic swine and investigate their application in research on human cerebrovascular diseases.Methods Head and neck angiography and anatomical examination were performed in 6 domestic swines,and their anatomical characteristics were described here.Results In swine,bilateral common carotid arteries originate from the brachiocephalic trunk,then issue the ascending pharyngeal and external arteries.Both vertebral arteries originate from subclavian arteries.The brain is mainly supplied by bilateral pharyngeal arteries.The pharyngeal arteries form rete mirabile(RMB) at sphenotic foramens on both sides of the sphenoid saddle,then RMB reconstitutes into bilateral internal carotid arteries supplying the brain and there is inter-communicant between bilateral RMB.The external arterial system form communication with RMB,further with intracranial internal carotid arteries, by means of ramus anastomoticus(RA) and arteria anastomotica(AA).There are anastomoses among vertebral and occipital arteries and the pharyngeal branch of ascending pharyngeal artery.There also exist anastomoses among intracranial arteries.Conclusions Cerebral arteriovenous malformation(AVM)and aneurysm model could be constructed in swine for experimental studies in hemodynamics,pathophysiology and embolic material studies,and for interventional neurosurgeon trainings.Nevertheless,there are some inadequacies in swine arteriovenous malformation model in terms of morphological and hemodynamic simulations of AVMs.It is unsuitable for cerebral infarction researches.

Abstract:Objective In order to make a foundation for molecular diagnosis and gene engineering study of Avian Encephalomyelitis Virus(AEV),we cloned and sequenced the structural protein VP3 gene of AEV.Methods We designed a pair of primers to amplify the van-roekel VP3 gene from AEV infected SPF embryo with specific RT-PCR method.The amplified products were cloned into PDM18-T vector after purification and withdraw.Results The results showed that VP3 contains 735 bp and 245 amino acids which share 93% and 97% homology with coresponding fragments of AEV-1143 strain,respectively.We also compared it with other little RNA viruses.Conclusion Using RT-PCR method,the Van-Roekel VP3 gene in vitro has been for the first time amplified,and the VP3 gene cloned and sequenced.

Abstract:目的探索氯胺酮、氟哌啶应用于兔麻醉后对呼吸系统的影响并进行麻醉效果评价。方法32只健康新西兰兔随机分为两组,氯胺酮、氟哌啶组(KD组);氯胺酮组(K组)。KD组以(100 mg氯胺酮 5 mg氟哌啶)/kg体重肌内注射;K组以100 mg氯胺酮/kg体重肌内注射,均进行兔膝骨性关节炎模型的建立。于麻醉后15 min时抽取耳中央动脉血做血气分析,评价麻醉效果、记录持续时间、死亡率。结果KD组麻醉前与麻醉后15 min时比较:酸碱度(pH)、碱剩余(BE(B))差异有显著性(P<0.01);标准碳酸氢盐(SB)、细胞外液缓冲碱(Beecf)、氧饱和度(SO2)差异有显著性(P<0.05)。K组麻醉前与麻醉后15 min时比较:pH、二氧化碳分压(PaCO2)差异有显著性(P<0.01);SB、Beecf、BE(B)差异有显著性(P<0.05)。KD组与K组在麻醉后15 min时比较:实际碳酸氢盐(HCO3ˉ)、总二氧化碳(TCO2)差异有显著性(P<0.01);Beecf BE(B)总血红蛋白(THBc)差异有显著性(P<0.05)。KD组的麻醉效果为优75%、良25%、差0%,死亡率0%,麻醉有效时间(45±5)min。K组的麻醉效果为优0%、良31%、差69%,死亡率0%,麻醉有效时间(20±5)min。结论用氯胺酮、氟哌啶联合应用于兔麻醉效果优于单纯氯胺酮麻醉。

Abstract:Objective To establish an animal model in rabbits for research on diagnostics of intraperitoneal bleeding.Methods(1) A special striking device was used to strike the liver of rabbits from outside.In order to choose a proper striking strength,we divided rabbits into three groups: 5.0 cm group,9.0 cm group and 13.0 cm group,by the distance between the gunpoint and the plunger;(2)With the chosen striking strengths,the liver of the animals was struck from outside to cause hemorrhage in the liver and then the bleeding amount was measured by blotting paper method.Results The bleeding amount was 35 mL-50 mL.All 15 rabbits survived for more than 3 hours after being struck.(1) The striking strength of the 5.0 cm group meet the demand of the experiment.(2) After 15 rabbits were struck,hemorrhage occurred in all 15 rabbits and the bleeding rate was 100%.Conclusion An animal model of intraperitoneal bleeding in rabbits has been established.This model can meet the need of diagnostic research on intraperitioneal bleeding.

Abstract:Objective To measure the organ weight and calculate organ coefficient of db/db and /db mice.Methods 2-3 month old db/db 20 and /db20 mice,26 mice in each group,were used in this experiment.The weight of various organs was measured using a Sartorius BP121S electronic balance.Results Between female db/db and /db mice,the heart and spleen weight showed significant difference(P<0.05),the liver,kidney,brain,pancreas,adrenal and uterus weight showed very significant difference(P<0.01).Between male db/db and /db mice,the liver,brain and testis weights showed very significant difference(P<0.01).Between db/db and /db mice,the coefficient of liver and lung had significant difference(P<0.05),the coefficient of spleen,brain,pancreas,uterus and testis showed very significant difference(P<0.01). Between female and male db/db mice,the heart,kidney,pancreas and adrenal weight had very significant difference(P<0.01),the liver weight had significant difference(P<0.05);but similar weight of the spleen and lung(P>0.05).Between female and male /db mice,the kidney weight had very significant difference(P<0.01),the pancreas weight had significant difference(P<0.05),but no significant difference was seen in other organs(P>0.05).Conclusion The weight of some main organs and organ coefficient in db/db, /db and same genotype different gender mice are significantly different.

Abstract:目的探讨HSP70是否参与热限作用及可能的机制。方法通过热应激刺激大鼠HSP70表达,观察HSP70对TNF-α性发热时的体温的影响,并用放射免疫法检测下丘脑中PGE2含量的变化。结果HS TNF-α组的体温变化最大值△Tmax(0.78±0.45)℃、TRI8为4.86±2.15、下丘脑PGE2含量为(595.1±143.56)分别低于TNF-α组的△Tmax(1.85±0.46)℃、TRI8(10.41±2.66)、下丘脑PGE2含量(816.99±105.44)。两组相比上述各指标差异均有显著(P<0.01)。结论HSP70的高水平表达可降低TNF-α性发热程度,此作用可能与抑制下丘脑PGE2的生成有关。

Abstract:Objective To investigate the regularity of gene expression and efficiency of gene transfection after tail vein injections of LacZ. Methods After diluting palsmid DNA in PBS solution according to the mouse weight, DNA was transferred via the tail vein by hydrodynamic injection. X-gal staining was performed to measure the LacZ gene expression in the liver, spleen, lung and kidney, Results The naked LacZ plasmid began to express on day 1 post injection, and reached the highest level at day 3, which was about 5%-6%, but diminished drastically by day 7. However, after encapsulated by liposome, the expression level of the same plasmid elevated to 18%-20%, via tail vein hydrodynamic injections. Conclusion High level gene expression in mouse liver can be achieved after tail vein hydrodynamic injections of liposome-encapsulated plasmid DNA, and this technique has great potential for a wide variety of gene therapy studies.

Abstract:目的观察肾移植犬的急性排斥反应与血液电解质代谢的变化。方法选体重为(12±2)kg的健康Beagle犬,进行同种异体肾移植手术,伪手术组只摘除右肾,保留左肾,移植组移植左肾,摘除右肾,定时进行血液生化指标监测,并记录肾移植犬的死亡数和存活时间。结果肾移植犬手术后3 d出现食欲下降、尿量减少,血清肌酐(Scr)和尿素氮(BUN)急剧上升,内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)水平急剧下降,K 浓度急剧上升、Ca2 浓度明显下降、Na 浓度呈下降趋势,均于6~10 d时死于急性排斥肾功能失调。结论肾移植犬手术后由于急性排斥反应,出现血肌酐清除率(Ccr)下降、血肌酐(Scr)和尿素氮(BUN)升高,同时并发低钠、高钾和低钙等电解质代谢的紊乱,而造成肾移植犬的肾功能衰竭。

Abstract:Objective To discuss the methods to accurately define the time of confinement in rats in order to make ceasarean section at the appropriate time and to obtain healthy newborn rats. Methods To compare and analyze the accuracy of judgment methods on rat confinement date, including computation, palpation, observation, integration and remediation. Results The accuracy of computation method was 85 %. The accuracy by use of palpation, observation, and integration methods was 73 %, 69 %, and 87 %, respectively. Remediation method may somewhat delay the time of gestation. Conclusions It is of great value to improve the confirmation of the pregnant rat gestation and accuracy of the date of production by palpation and observation combined with computation method.

Abstract:By surgical installation of chronic portal, hepatic, mesentcric vein and femoral artery multi-catheters, the variation of marry nutrients and bioactive substances in animal body can be investigated quantitatively and the metabolic status in body can be fully evaluated. It has significance in research work and also has important application value on pharmacokinetic study. The detailed installation method of chronic portal, hepatic, mesentefic vein and femoral artery multi-catheters was introduced in this paper.

Abstract:The nude mice are provided with important characteristics such as hairless, naked and without thymus gland. Therefore they are widely applied for research in the dermatology and dermatotoxicology, such as skin transplantation, psoriasis, skin aging and transdermal delivery systems, and so on. In this paper, animal model of dermatosis based on nude mice and the use of nude mice in dermatotoxicology are described and the prospective development is also discussed.

Abstract:Objective To survey and analyze the current status of laboratory animals application in biomedical research and their yearly variations.Method PubMed(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) was chosen as the data-base.The use of various kinds of laboratory animals were analyzed from 1966 to 2003.The authors paid more attention to analyze the current status of application of mice and rats because they took the top two places in laboratory animal uses.Results Mice and rats were the most popular than other animals in the published articles that used animals as experiment materials.SD and Wistar closed colony rat and F344 inbred rat occupied the top three places in the use of rats.Inbred mice,such as C57BL and BABL/c,became the major selection of the biomedicial researchers when they selected mouse as experiment material,C57BL surpassed BABL/c and took the first place in 1997.The use of transgenic animals and mutant animals increased sharply in recent years.The use of other animals such as dogs,cats,pigs,etc.,decreased slowly.The use of drosophila and fish increased in recent years.Conclusion There is an increasing tendency in use of inbred animals in biomedical research.With the development of experiment techniques,transgenic animals and mutant animals would play more important roles in biomedicine research.Drosophila and fish got more attention in some study fields.

Abstract:Many human diseases are related to quantitative traits, but it is very difficult to find the genetic quantitative trait loci directly in human subjects, where the quantitative traits dominate. Rats and mice can well complement those shortage, because they have not only good reproduction capability, but also high congenetic genome. Therefore, many researchers have been making use of rats and mice as a kind of model animal to study QTLs controlling human diseases. In this review mapping of quantitative trait loci for some traits on rats and mice was introduced.