Abstract:现代医学起源于实验医学，而包括古希腊、罗马和两河流域的先哲医疗思想以及东方的中国传统中医药学（皇汉医学）等的经典学派、基本上属于循证医学或是经验医学，在显现的的症状与体征中找证据、在积累的案例中找出规律。17世纪显微镜发明以后开始了实验医学的探索，经生物医学界先驱巴斯德、科赫、巴甫洛夫等前辈们不懈努力，逐渐形成了实验医学，从此被现代科学武装起来的医学如虎添翼。迅速发展形成为普济众生的现代医学。返观医学史、实验医学功不可没，时至今日生命科学、医学、药学等还需要仰仗实验动物和动物实验为其开山铺路。使用自发的动物人兽共患病病例或人工创立的动物病例为模型已是几十年来举世公认的规范方法。其中动物模型的建立技术和动物实验结果的诠释，成为关键。前者一直受到各方面重视、每年安排的课题不少。国家和条条块块都提供了一定经济支援；而后者往往被忽略，无视一些科学研究过程必须警惕的戒律，导致严肃的科学解释转成了文字游戏或数字游戏。例如外推法在生物学研究中一般是不可以引用的，用实验数据所连接的曲线只能诠释它们数据标志之间的情况，任何属于推论性的延伸线都是不能接受的。这一原则直接挑战了用动物研究人类疾病的评价，

Abstract:Objective To establish a parainfluenza_virus_infective model in mice and to provid model animals for anti_virus research of TCM.Method NIH,BALB/c and KM mice were infected by Sendia virus(SV),whose antigen were closed to parainfluenza virus.Then the change of histopathological was observed.Result The KM mice was an ideal strain for SV infection for its moderate infection duration,obvious clinical symptoms and typical lesion.Conclusion SV_infected KM mice can be used in model of anti_parainfluenza virus infected disease and pharmacology researches.

Abstract:Objective To establish T739 mouse bladder cancer cell lines and tumor-bear model stably expressing human MUC1. Methods The cell lines and animal model were established by Lipofectamine-mediated transfection of human MUC1 full length cDNA into BST739 cells, followed by C,418 selection and colonel culture. PCR, RT-PCR, FCM and immunohistochemistry were carried out to confirm the stable integration of MUC1 cDNA into the mouse genomo and expression of MUC1 mRNA and proteins in the cells. The growth characteristics of BST739-MUC1 were also investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results The MUC1 was stably integrated into the cell genome and expressed in cell membrane and plasma. The growth characteristics of transfected cells did not alter in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion T739 mouse bladder cancer cell lines and tumor-bear model expressing human MUC1 were successfully established for the development of tumor vaccines targeting MUC1.

Abstract:Objective To investigate renal hypertension associated with renal failure by ligating different branches of the left renal artery in rats and to assess the related serum biochemical indicators.Methods Rats underwent ligation of the posterior branch(n=10) or the anterior and middle branches(n=10) of the left renal artery followed by right nephrectomy.Another 10 rats served as controls.Eight weeks after the operation,tail cuff blood pressure(BP) was measured and the rats were sacrificed using decapitation with the serum samples obtained for the measurement of serum angiotensin II(AII) and endothelin(ET) by radioimmunity.Results BP,serum AII,ET,AST,GLU,CHOL,BUN and CREA levels,as well as quantity of 24 hours' urinary protein of rats in the two operation groups were significantly higher than those in the(control group,while no significant difference was observed between the two operation groups.As for serum ALT,ALB and Trig,no significant difference was observed between the operation groups and the control group.Conclusions(1)A rat model of renal hypertension associated with renal failure can be successfully established using the two operative methods with no difference in related to serum biochemical indicators;(2)It is more convenient to establish a rat model of renal hypertension associated with renal failure by ligating the anterior branch of the left renal artery with a dorsolateral approach;(3)Renal arterial stenosis may cause an increase in serum AII and ET levels,which may play an important role in causing renal hypertension and accelerating renal failure.

Abstract:目的建立母体妊娠期营养不良致胎儿宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)的实验动物模型,探讨母体营养不良对肺功能的影响。方法将12只体重250 g左右的SPF级SD怀孕母鼠随机分为限食组和对照组两组,限食组从怀孕第8天到自然分娩为止每天半量饮食(10g/d)。在仔鼠出生后第2周、3周、4周、5周时,从每窝中各取1~2只测定被动用力肺通气功能参数。结果限食组的仔鼠出生时平均体重为(5.081±0.810)g,显著低于对照组(6.389g±0.565g,P<0.05)。仔鼠IUGR发生率达57%,显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。限食组与对照组相比,2周龄仔鼠各项肺功能指标无显著性差异(P>0.05),3周龄仔鼠的FVC、FEV0.2、V50、V75、FET(用力呼气时间),4周龄仔鼠的FVC、FEV0.1、FEV0.2、V25、V50、V75,5周龄仔鼠的FEV0.1、FET均显著性下降(P<0.05)。结论在母鼠怀孕第8天到自然分娩期间每天半量饮食,以此方法可以成功建立宫内发育迟缓的动物模型。与对照组相比母体营养不良的仔鼠在3周后部分反映大气道和小气道的通气指标下降。

Abstract:目的观察SHR,WKY大鼠心,肾,胸主动脉及体外培养的VSMCs中的ACE,ACE2表达的差异,探讨ACE与ACE2在自发性高血压大鼠高血压形成的机制。方法选取6个月的雄性自发性高血压大鼠SHR(Spontanous Hypertensive Rat,SHR)及与之配对的正常大鼠WKY。尾袖法测定大鼠血压,断头取血,称量全心与左心重量,计算心体比与左室重指数。免疫组化法检测肾脏ACE,ACE2的表达。放免法测定血浆中AII水平。RT-PCR法比较SHR与WKY大鼠心,肾,胸主动及体外培养VSMC细胞ACE、ACE2 mRNA的表达水平。结果(1)6月龄SHR大鼠血压显著高于WKY(196.42±18.90,116.35±14.48,P<0.05),而WKY大鼠心体比及左室指数明显低于SHR(2.84±0.28,3.79±0.41,P<0.05;2.17±0.18,2.95±0.28,P<0.05),SHR大鼠血浆中AII水平明显增高(1675.35±305.16,694.38±112.56,P<0.05)。(2)肾脏ACE2免疫染色SHR明显低WKY(0.054±0.013,0.205±0.043,P<0.05)。与WKY相比,SHR心,肾,胸主动脉ACE2 mRNA表达水平分别减少49.84%4、0.67%3、6.17%,,而ACEmRNA表达水平分别增加33.66%、29.83%、42.16%。在体外培养的胸主动脉平滑肌细胞(thorax aorta vascularsmooth mulscle cell,TAVSMC)SHR大鼠ACE mRNA表达水平明显高于WKY,ACE2 mRNA的表达水平显著降低。结论(1)ACE与ACE2表达失调可能是高血压形成的重要原因。(2)ACE与ACE2表达差异可能大鼠遗传背景有关。

Abstract:目的了解SD大鼠及beagle犬肾上腺组织学参数，为肾上腺毒性诊断提供组织学判断依据。方法以40只成年SD大鼠及20只成年beagle犬为研究对象，雌雄各半，大鼠在12周龄处死，beade犬在12月龄时处死。以10％中性福尔马林固定肾上腺，石蜡包埋，5μm切片，HE染色。以SpotAdvanced图像分析软件测量犬、大鼠肾上腺皮质厚度以及球状带、索状带、网状带厚度，并比较雌、雄性动物，犬及大鼠间区别。结果显示beagle犬肾上腺皮质厚度约为1183μm，其中球状带厚度约为212μm，索状带厚度约为446μm，网状带厚度约为525μm，雌雄beagle犬肾上腺皮质厚度及皮质各带厚度无显著差异。SD大鼠肾上腺皮质厚度约为1021μm；其中球状带厚度约为70μm，索状带厚度约为553μm，网状带厚度约为398μm，雌雄SD大鼠肾上腺皮质厚度及皮质各带厚度无显著差异。beagle犬与SD大鼠比较，肾上腺皮质以及球状带、网状带均厚于SD大鼠，但SD大鼠索状带明显厚于beade犬。结论beade犬肾上腺皮质厚度大于SD大鼠，同时球状带、网状带厚度也大于SD大鼠，但索状带SD大鼠明显宽于beagle犬，显示犬及大鼠肾上腺皮质各带所占比例不同。性别对犬及大鼠肾上腺皮质厚度及各带厚度均无影响。

Abstract:目的观察Microspinal导管在大鼠蛛网膜下腔长期置管中的应用。方法40只250～300g纯种清洁级雄性SD大鼠，随机分为Microspinal导管组（M组，n=20）和PE-10导管组（P组，n=20），术后没有瘫痪的大鼠进行运动协调能力恢复评分测试，置管3d后行利多卡因试验证实导管是否在蛛网膜下腔，证实在蛛网膜下腔的大鼠蛛网膜下腔注射吗啡，用热痛刺激仪测缩腿反应潜伏期（PWL），大鼠进行解剖处死前10min蛛网膜下腔注射5止亚甲兰对导管位置定位。结果同P组比较，M组大鼠术后死亡率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．10），术后致残率差异有显著性（P〈0．05），利多卡因试验及亚甲兰定位导管位置两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．10），M组术后运动协调能力恢复快，两组评分比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05），两组大鼠蛛网膜下腔注入吗啡后热痛阈值（PWL）比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论Microspinal导管组致残率明显低于PE-10组，术后运动协调功能恢复快，是一种适合于大鼠蛛网膜下腔置管的实验材料。

Abstract:Objective To establish a more effective rat model of dilated cardiomyopathy induced by adrimycin.Methods Fourty-two adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups.Adrimycin was injected into the rats of the Adr-DCM group by intraperitoneal at the dose of 2 mg/kg per 3 days for 5 times;then at a dose of 2 mg/kg per 7 days for 5 times.while rats of the NC group were injected with 0.9% saline using the same methods.Transthoracic echocardiography was applied to evaluate rats heart function and electronmicroscope was applied to evaluate rats morphology of myocardium.Results Compared to the control group,LV end diastolic diameter(LVEDD) and LV end systolic diameter(LVESD) of rats in Adr-DCM group were both significantly increased(P<0.05),while the LV ejection fraction(EF) and LV fraction shortening(FS) were significantly decreased(P<0.05) in Adr-DCM group 10 weeks after administration of adriamycin.The cumulative mortality in Adr-DCM group was 25%.Conclusions Chronic administration of intraperitoneal injection adriamycin to rat results in a dialted cardiomyopathy;a more effective rat model of a dilated cardiomyopathy induced by drimycin is established.

Abstract:Objective To provide practical devices and skills for blood collection by cutting rats' tails.Methods Using plastic bottles and wooden boards to make simple devices for holding rats and using some moderate ways to treat rats for blood collection.Results The rat could be hold well in the bottle;the blood could be collected smoothly and quickly with the help of these devices and skills.Conclusion These devices are economical,practical and easy to be made.Methods introduced in this paper not only can help us collect rats' blood easily but also can prevent some harmful stimulations from rats,which ensured a reliable results.

Abstract:氧合器也称人工肺，是心脏外科明视手术体外循环中一个重要组成部分。它和人工心肺机一起代替手术中的自然心、肺执行血液循环和气体交换的功能，关系着患者生与死的关键问题。因此要求氧合器具有良好的氧合性能。

Abstract:The technique of embryo transfer has been evaluated for the purpose of changing the mouse stocks to a germfree(GF)status.Our results showreproducible and quality-assured conversion of animalstothose which are negativeforthe presence of microorganisms.Rapid and easy access to GF mice is advantageous for studies of selected microflora andtheir cross-talks withthe host,when applying,e.g.genomic,proteomic and metabolic methodology.The studyinvolved embryotransfer in anisolator environment,thereby allowingimplantationof cleansed embryosinto GFrecipients under well-controlled conditions.The recipientfemales gave birth normally andtookcare of the offspringasif they were their own pups,thus enhancing the survival rate.Access to full technical resources required to maintain GFisolators are,however,a prerequisite.In this study,we used stainless steel isolators designed by Gustafsson(1959),on which a stereomicroscope wasmountedtofacilitate embryo transfer inside the isolator.The use of embryo transfer and isolator techniques will facilitate the availability ofvarious mouse mutant models under different gnotobiotic conditions,GF,monoxenic or polyxenic animals,to enable comparison withconventional animals for physiological and pathophysiological studies.

Abstract:猴虱是灵长类动物常见的体外寄生虫，属虱科、猴虱亚科，通过直接接触传播，终生寄生于宿主体，发育属不完全变态，包括卵、幼虫、成虫，幼虫和成虫都以吸血为主。在野生或卫生条件差的饲养环境下，猴易被猴虱感染。本文对某单位寄养于本中心受虱子感染实验猕猴的诊治进行了初步研究，现将结果报道如下：

Abstract:Environmental hormones or endocrine disruptors(ED) are synthetic chemicals or naturally occurred compounds that when absorbed into the body either mimics or blocks hormones and disrupts the body's normal functions,including those of reproduction,immune,nerve and endocrine systems.This review article summarized the current progression on safety evaluations of EDs as well as its methodologies.

Abstract:This paper reported the history of avian flu outbreaks in China from 1996 to 2006, directed the characteristics of avian influenza outbreaks in recent years. China is one of the biggest poultry producers in the world and many migratory birds go through China, China faces high risk of pandemic bird flu. The continuing occurrence of sporadic human eases indicates that the virus is continuing to circulate in birds in some parts of the country. In the fighting again avian flu virus, China has developed some possible practice on precautionary and control measure. China enhances international cooperation and scientific involvement in the prevention and control of the avian flu. The State Council and Ministry of Agriculture issued the laws and regulations on avian flu. Wild birds may have played a role in getting domestic fowl and human beings infected with bird flu. Poultry manure is considered to be another key source of the spread routes of HSN1 virus, but the bio - security processing in free range poultry farming and waste products is very poor disposition in China. Epidemic control at grassroots level still needs to be strengthened.

Abstract:Human defensins, found in the blood, intestinal tract and epithelial cells, are small, cystin-fich cationic peptides with special structure. They have broad-spectrum antimierohial activities involving Gram-positive, Gram-negative, epiphyte and enveloped virus, and they are crucial part of innate immune mechanism, by certain close relationship with some inflammatory diseases. This article reviews the biochemical properties, distribution in human body, biological roles and relationship with some diseases connected to them.

Abstract:It is mainly in two aspects to introduce the animol model of pancreatitis. One is the non - intrusion type which includes the DL- ethionine with a choline - deficient diet method, caerulein induced method and L - arginine induced method. The other is the intrusion type which includes the electric needle stimulation method, the ligation method and the biliopancreatic duct retrograde injection method. Meanwhile, the advantage and disadvanage of each methods were also introduced in this review. The caerulein- induced method, the L - arginine - induced method and the biliopancreatic duct retro - injection method were illuminated in details.