Abstract:Objective To elucidate the etiological factors inducing population urinary stone disease in a Beagle dog farm, and to set up an effective treatment and prevention of this disease. Method In this study clinical and pathological examinations were carried out, and to make diagnosis, composition of the urinary stones and feed were analyzed. Retrospective study was made and successful treatment was achieved. Result It was found that the etiological factor leading to the urinary stone disease was meat powder included in the feed for the animals. The urinary stones were composed of salt of urid acid. By alkalinizing the urine, degrading the urate in the blood and removing it, all Beagle dogs in that Beagle dog farm were effectively cured. Conclusion The meat powder for animals was found to be the only etiological factor and the degenerative nephritis owing to salt of uric acid caused urinary lithiasis, which has well been cured at the beginning and intermediate stage of the disease.

Abstract:目的研究SHIV-KB9感染中国恒河猴的可能性,确定其有效病毒浓度,明确实验猴感染SHIV-KB9后的病毒复制和免疫反应情况,建立SHIV/SAIDS模型,并确定、完善SHIV/SAIDS模型评价指标。方法实验前采集猴血清并进行血清学检查。选出6只无SIV、STLV、SRV/D和B病毒感染的恒河猴,分别用10倍系列稀释的病毒液静脉感染实验猴,使用流式细胞术、血常规检测、病毒分离、DNA-PCR和RT-PCR等方法确定实验猴是否被感染,以及感染后恒河猴体内病毒复制和免疫细胞损伤情况,持续测定3个月。结果实验猴的血浆病毒载量、病毒分离结果、CD4+/CD8+比值和CD4+细胞数等证实,4.8×106copies/mL以上浓度的SHIV-KB9病毒液能成功感染中国恒河猴。结论SHIV-KB9成功感染中国恒河猴为进一步建立SHIV/SAIDS模型奠定了良好的实验基础,为使用此模型评价抗病毒药物或疫苗提供了条件。

Abstract:Objective To study the effect of cordyceps culture medium additive on growth and reproductive performance of Wistar rats. Methods To collect and analyze the growth and reproductive performance data of 51 male and 150 female Wistar rats, and to take ovary and testis samples to make pathological examination. Results The growth of Wistar rats became slower, the availability of feedstuff in male rats was slightly increased, and the mating rate of rats and rats/litter were not significantly different from that of control group. No essential lesions occurred in the ovary and testes after feeding cordyceps culture medium additive. Conclusion Cordyceps culture medium additive had no specific effect on growth and reproductive performance of Wistar rats.

Abstract:目的初步探讨高尔基体在小鼠卵母细胞体外发育进程中的作用。方法布雷菲德菌素A（Brefeldin A，BFA）处理小鼠未成熟，成熟卵母细胞，利用特异性标记物阻COP标记高尔基体。激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察BFA处理对高尔基体产生的影响；同时。观察并比较不同处理组小鼠未成熟／成熟卵母细胞的体外成熟率、孤雌激活率、体外受精率及2-细胞率。结果GV期卵母细胞经BFA处理后，高尔基体的形态和分布发生明显改变。其体外成熟率（2．5％）与对照组（70．4％）比较统计学差异显著（P〈0．001）；洗掉BFA后，其体外成熟率（67．2％）与对照组无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。另外，成熟卵母细胞经BFA处理后。其体外受精率及2．细胞率均与对照组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论小鼠卵母细胞体外成熟的正常进行需要高尔基体主导的膜运输。而体外受精和受精卵卵裂过程中不需要功能性的高尔基体。

Abstract:Objective To establish a rhesus monkey model of SIV infection by mucosal route, and compare possible differences in disease course after SIV inoculation in rhesus monkeys by intravenous, intravaginal and intrarectal routes. Methods SIVmac251 strain was used to inoculate three rhesus monkeys by intravenous, intravaginal and intrarectal routes, respectively. Regular sampling, viral load detection, CD4+ cells measurement and virus isolation were approached to identify the results. Results From 7d to 56d (at present) after inoculation, the results of virus isolation, DNA-PCR detection were positive. Viral loads of plasma from S153, S172 and S142 were measured during earlier stage. The antibodies in plasma were detected positively from 14d and up to now. Ratio of CD4+/CD8+ from all monkeys became inverted from 28d after inoculation. Conclusion It has succeeded to inoculate rhesus monkeys with SIVmac251 strain by different routes, and for the first time in China, to be successful in establishment of a SAIDS animal model infected by a mucosal route.

Abstract:Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of action of NGF on the intelligence in demential senile mice. Method Fourty five 18 month-old ICR mice were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The expression of choline acetyltransterase (ChAT-IR) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in various areas of the brain was assyed. Mirro-labyrinth experiment was conducted before and after administration of exogenous NGF. ChAT-IR activity and Anti-NGF immunohistochemical examination were performed. Result The intelligence of senile mice were changed. Significant changes of ChAT-IR and NGF expression in areas in the brain and in Mirro labyrinthian experiment occurred (P < 0.05) in the cytidine diphosphocholine group. Exogenous NGF treatment group showed significantly increased staining of ChAT-IR and anti-NGF, and changes in the labyrinthian experiment (P <0.01). Conclusion Exogeneous NGF may improve the intelligence of aged mice and increase ChAT-IR and anti-NGF expression in various areas in the brain, and exert protective, supportive and reparative effects on neurons.

Abstract:目的建立TaqMan探针实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法,测定猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV)及SHIV病毒的RNA拷贝数。方法利用TaqMan探针,建立实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法,通过对本室SIV/SHIV病毒RNA定量外标准品RS的定量分析,优化反应体系,检测TaqMan探针实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法的灵敏度、特异性和重复性。结果该方法检测灵敏度可达4.60×101copies/μL,特异性及重复性良好,对同一样品进行16次重复检测,其循环阈值的平均标准偏差为0.066。结论TaqMan探针实时荧光定量RT-PCR法特异性、敏感性高,稳定性好,可用于定量测定猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV)及SHIV病毒RNA载量。

Abstract:目的观察直接注入法和瘤块种植法制作Wistar大鼠肝癌模型的差异。方法采用大鼠含有Walker-256肿瘤细胞的腹水离心洗涤后接种于另一组大鼠的后腿后外侧皮下，待肿瘤长到直径约为1．0em，取下肿瘤并切成1．0-2．0mm^3大小。然后将瘤块接种于15只大鼠的肝叶上；另一组（15只）按上述方式将癌性腹水接种于正常大鼠的肝叶上；两组均在第7天后采用CT和开腹后游标卡尺分别测量种植性肝癌的直径。结果腹水直接注射法与瘤块种植法的肿瘤成瘤率分别为：86．7％和80％，两者并不具有统计学意义（P〉0．05）。第7天时，直接注射法所形成肿瘤的直径大于瘤块种植法的肿瘤（P〈0．05）。但瘤块法所引起的腹腔转移的可能性要少于腹水直接种法。结论直接注射法和瘤块种植法制作大鼠肝癌模型均可以满足临床实验研究的需要，但直接注射法的成瘤时间短，腹腔转移可能性也大；瘤块种植法成瘤时间略长，但腹腔转移可能性少于直接法。

Abstract:目的建立用于肠黏膜处理研究的大鼠代膀胱模型。方法雌性SD大鼠2组,实验组以4cm末段小肠重新构建大鼠膀胱,对照组行假手术。术后1月测量代膀胱容量,代膀胱内黏液残留量,观察代膀胱黏膜对水、电解质的吸收、分泌功能等。结果术后1月,实验组大鼠膀胱容量增加(P<0.01);黏液残留量0.907±0.193g;代膀胱黏膜对水、K+、NH4+表现为吸收,对Na+、Cl-、HCO3-表现为分泌。结论此模型适用于肠黏膜处理的研究。

Abstract:Objective To investigate whether commonly used disinfectants cause skin irritation reactions in laboratory animals and personnel. Methods The following disinfectants were used in this experiment: 2% peracetic acid, 0.2% peracetic acid, 0.2% sodium hypochlorite and 2% glutaraldeldehyde. After short-term contact with the skin of guinea pigs (spot), the irritation reactions were evaluated. Results 2% glutaraldeldehyde solution caused slight skin erythema and edema, vanished after 1 hour, and a yellowish brown coloration was left. Other several kind of disinfectants did not lead to apparent skin irritation reactions in the guinea pigs. Conclusions 2% glutaraldehhyde solution may cause slight skin irritation reaction and yellowish brown coloration in both experimental animal and may be harmful to personnel.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the usefulness of electron microscopy in detection of virus in animal samples. Methods Negative staining and uhrathin sections were used for electron microscopic examination. Results Plentiful mouse poxvirus particles were observed under the electron microscope by both staining methods. Conclusion Electron microscopy is a reliable and useful technique and can be successfully used in animal virus detection.

Abstract:Objective To explore the damaging mechanism of action in rat hepatocytes exposed to 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE). Methods The cytoplasmic free Ca~(2+) concentration in rat hepatocytes were measured by microfluorometry. Meanwhile, the damage of rat hepatocytes were evaluated with measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the supernatant of the culture medium and determination of cytoplasmic free Ca~(2+) concentration. Results There was no sifnificant difference between cytoplasmic free Ca~(2+) concentrations of rat hepatocytes exposed to DCE and that of control group (P>0.05), but the LDH activity in the supernatant of culture medium in the groups exposed to 10 mmol/L and 20 mmol/L DCE was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.01). Conclusion The mechanism of damaging action to rat hepatocytes was not due to disturbance of cytoplasmic free Ca~(2+) concentration in rat hepatocytes.

Abstract:Objective To set up microbial community-level physiological fingerprint profiling database in four different aquariums feeding zebrafish, analyze and assess whether micropathogens infect zebrafish during standard raising. Methods MicroStation microbial identification system was used. Microbial community utilized 95 compounds for carbon source on identification microplate. When microbial pathogens utilized carbon substances in a well, respiration lead change of oxidation and deoxidized indicator, and color change becomes identification fingerprint. Result In this experiment, 22 carbon sources on GN and GP microplates were utilized by all of healthy microbial community in zebrafish aquariums based on multivariable analysis. Conclusion This approach, called community-level physiological profiling (CLPP), has been effective for distinguishing healthy and pathogenic microbial communities in the aquariums, and provided a set of healthy fingerprint database.

Abstract:Objective To establish of a favorable rabbit model simulating the coronary radial artery bypass grafting. Method 50 New Zealand rabbits were used in this study. The femoral artery was end-to-side anastomosed with the common carotid artery. Meanwhile, to ligate the carotid artery between two anastomotic stomas. Next, take these integral artery grafts at 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days and 56 days after operation, respectively. Samples were taken for histopathological analysis. The sections were stained by HE and stained for elastic fibers, to measure the width of intima (WI) of the artery bridge and to calculate the index of intima/(intima+tunica media) (I/IMR) with a computer image analysis software, and to observe the change of the vascular endothelial cells by scanning electron microscopy. Result No death occurred during the operation and perioperationperiod in the 50 rabbits. The total patency rate of the artery bridges was 86%. The morphological examination revealed that the intima began to thickening in these smooth artery bridges at 7 days after transplantation and to be significant after 56 days. Conclusion This method is able to build up a favorable rabbit model of radial artery bridge in coronary artery bypass grafting.

Abstract:In recent years, animal models of hemorrhoids have been successfully established in many species such as rabbits, rats, mice and dogs, induced by croton oil, acetic acid, infection, and wound. Each animal model has its advantages and disadvantages. Using reasonable animal models may make it better to carry on experimental and clinical studies of hemorrhoids. Along with the research and production of hemorrhoids drugs, the animal models are well developed. In this paper, the methods of preparation of animal models of hemorrhoids were reviewed.

Abstract:目的研制一种特异、敏感、快速的人猪鼻支原体(M.hyorhinis)感染的胶体金免疫层析法检测卡(GICAs)。方法采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金颗粒,标记抗猪鼻支原体单克隆抗体(McAb),选择并优化层析条件,研制双抗体夹心模式的免疫胶体金检测卡,评价其灵敏度、特异性和稳定性。结果其灵敏度检测限可达到1.72×103CFU/mL,50ng/100μL支原体全菌蛋白,与其他细菌和支原体无非特异性反应,检测用时约10min,4℃可保存6个月以上。结论本文研制的GICAs检测猪鼻支原体特异性强、灵敏度高,无需特殊仪器设备,可用于感染的流行病学调查和临床诊断。