Abstract:目的建立肝素结合性表皮生长因子（HB．EGF）的转基因动物模型，利用转基因动物模型研究HBEGF在心脏功能中的作用。方法构建α-MHC-HB-EGF表达载体，将目的片段注射到受精卵的雄原核中，使其发育成携带有HB．EGF的转基因小鼠。通过PCR的方法鉴定转基因的首建鼠。采用Western blotting方法鉴定HB．EGF在心脏中的表达，取HB-EGF在心脏中特异性高表达的阳性转基因小鼠的F1代与同窝阴性对照小鼠的心脏做BrdU免疫组化和Masson染色。结果得到了两只HB．EGF阳性的首建鼠，Western blotting发现16号小鼠中HB．EGF在心脏中的表达与同窝阴性对照小鼠相比蛋白表达明显增加。转基因小鼠心脏BrdU标记的阳性细胞数明显多于阴性对照组的阳性细胞数，Masson染色胶原纤维明显少于同窝阴性对照的小鼠。结论HB-EGF的高表达可以促进心肌细胞的增殖，减少胶原纤维生成，抑制心肌的纤维化。

Abstract:Objective To investigate the protective effects and possible mechanisms of berberine on the early change in renal hemorheology in diabetic rats.Methods The rat model of type 1 diebetes was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.Fifty normal adult male Wistar rats were randomly devided into 5 groups: normal group,model group,captopril group(50 mg/kg/d),low dose berberine group(9.375 mg/kg/d) and high dose berberine group(28.125 mg/kg/d).The experimental rats were sacrificed at the end of the fourth week,and rat blood and urine were collected.The animal urine volume was measured and the ratio of kidney to body weight was calculated.Blood glucose,urine microalbumin,creatinine clearance rate,content of nitric oxide(NO) and activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in renal tissue were measured,and the expression of iNOS in renal tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry.Renal pathological changes in all groups were examined by light microscopy.Results After 4 weeks,the values of urine volume,ratio of kidney to body weight,blood glucose,urine microalbumin,creatinine clearance rate,content of NO in renal tissue,activity of iNOS in renal tissue,iNOS expression,relative area of glomerular mesangium to glomerular basement membrane in model group were significantly higher than those of normal group(P<0.05).The above mentioned items in captopril and low dose berbrine groups were significantly decreased compared with those of model group(P<0.05).However,the difference was not significant compared with those of normal group(P>0.05).The observed items in the rats of high dose berberine group showed somehow partly improvement.Conclusion Berberine may exert protective effect on the injury of renal structure and function in diabetic rats.The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of iNOS expression and NO synthesis in the renal tissue.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the distribution of Mongolian gerbil hepatitits virus(MGHV) and histopathological changes in the digestive tract of infected Mongolian gerbils.Methods The gerbils were grouped by four ages.Streptin-biotin-complex immunohistochemistry and serology test(ELISA)were applied to examine the pathological change and determine the virus in the digestive tract.Results The results showed that the infected gerbils dipicted widespread necrotic foci in the liver in all age groups.The boundory between hepatocytes was unclear.The hepatocytes appeared in different size and color,and some of them were degenerated.The MHV(murine hepatitis virus)-positive reaction mainly distributed in the endothelial and Kupffer's cells around sinusoids.The ratio of MHV-positive hepatocytes was relatively low and dispersed.There were uniform MHV-positive particles in MHV positive hepatocytes.In the stomach,the MHV-positive reaction was mainly located in the bottom and of the pit and cervical part of the fundic glands and limited locally.The MHV-positive cells were mainly chief cells.In the intestine,the main pathological changes were presented as lymphocytic infiltration in the lamina propria and between the mucosal epithelial cells.The control group showed to be negatively stained.Conclusion Mongolian gerbils bred in the open system are susceptible to MGHV infection and causing inflammatory infiltration in the liver,stomach,colon and cecum.The virus mainly replicated in the liver sinusoids,endothelial cells,Kupffer's cells and gastrointestinal mucosal epithelium.The use of immunohistochemical technology in pathological examination of the digestive system in gerbils is an effective diagnostic approach to detect Mongolian gerbils infected with MGHV.

Abstract:目的探讨家兔两种急性鼻窦炎模型的制备方法，进行优良比较。方法健康成年新西兰白兔42只，随机分成窦口堵塞＋窦腔注入肺炎链球菌组（A组，18只）、鼻腔置入Merocel高分子膨胀海绵＋鼻腔注入肺炎链球菌组（B组，18只）及空白对照组（C组，6只）。A、B组动物分别于术后1、2、3周每组各处死6只；空白对照组于1周后处死。获取实验侧上颌窦、筛窦窦腔分泌物行细菌学检查，并将上颌窦、筛窦完整取出，全组织包埋行组织病理学观察。结果上颌窦分泌物细菌学培养结果示A、B两组家兔原发致病菌与机会致病菌感染差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；鼻窦黏膜组织病理学观察证实两种建模方法的成功率均为100％，B组造模方法可同时产生筛窦炎，且B组家兔上颌窦黏膜病理改变轻于A组，病理半定量化结果示两组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论鼻腔置入Merocel高分子膨胀海绵＋鼻腔注入肺炎链球菌的建模方法，具有人类鼻窦感染的病理生理特征，是一种更理想的急性鼻窦炎动物模型的制备方法。

Abstract:Objective To establish a rabbit pathologic model of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty(PTA).Methods 30 Japan flap-eared white rabbits were included in this study.The animal model was created by electric current stimulating of carotid arteries and feeding with high-fat diet for 8 weeks.The PTA operation was performed based on the results of colour ultrasonography and fed with common diet for 4 weeks further.The models were sacrificed and the carotid arteries were taken at 8 weeks after electric stimulation and 4 weeks after PTA,respectively.Blood lipid,carotid artery histopathology including HE and elastic V.G staining,electron microscropic examination and immunohistochemical analysis were performed.Results At 6 weeks after electric current stimulation,the rabbit carotid arteries showed hyperplasia of tunica intima,with lipid-deposition under it and the artery lumen was narrowed.4 weeks after PTA,the hyperplasia in tunica intima and vascular stenosis were more pronounced.The main changes were increased amount of smooth muscle cells(SMCS) and extracellular matrix(ECM) in the tunica intima,with plenty of foam cells and macrophages.Conclusion Significant arterial stenosis can be induced by integration of stimulating carotid arteries with electric current,high-fat diet feeding and PTA operation.The pathological changes in the rabbit model are similar to clinical restenosis after PTA.In addition,the operation is easy to perform and practical,and can be used in researches of pathologic mechanisms and medical intervention of restenosis.

Abstract:目的研究高氧液对肝癌缺血再灌注后的损伤作用。方法兔肝脏左中叶注射VX2肿瘤组织混悬液,建立肝脏肿瘤模型。阻断肿瘤所在的肝左中叶的肝动脉分支60 min后去除血管阻断,在恢复血流的同时,经门静脉穿刺一次性灌注高氧液(氧分压为80 kPa)5 mL。于再灌注后1 h1、d3、d和7 d各时点分别取肿瘤组织和肝脏组织,测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的含量,观察其强化氧化损伤情况。结果单纯缺血再灌注后正常肝组织和肝癌组织中的SOD浓度均有明显的改变并与以往的研究结果相似。但缺血再灌注后正常肝脏组织中CAT浓度均有所升高。肝癌组织中则不同,于再灌注1 d CAT浓度出现显著降低并达最低水平(1.80±0.13),从再灌注3 d至7 d恢复(4.55±0.54)。经门静脉灌注高氧液后,正常肝组织与肝癌组织中SOD浓度在各个时间点均明显降低。再灌注7 d时仍低于再灌注前(1.81±0.45,0.53±0.22),两种组织中的CAT浓度降低从缺血再灌注1 h开始下降并达最低(3.51±0.34,1.40±0.54),但从再灌注3 d以后,正常肝组织中的CAT浓度回升至正常水平(6.10±0.24,5.80±0.43),而再灌注7 d时肝癌组织中的CAT浓度仍处于较低水平(2.70±0.17)。缺血再灌注和加氧后,SOD和CAT在正常肝组织和肝癌组织中的浓度均有明显差异(P<0.01)。结论经门静脉穿刺灌注高氧液可加强缺血再灌注对肝癌组织的氧化改变和损伤,而对正常肝脏组织的影响较小。

Abstract:目的研究腹主动脉部分缩窄大鼠模型心肌肥厚动态变化特点。方法雄性SD大鼠35只分为正常组5只,假手术10只,模型组20只,后两组的半数分为4周组和18周组。造模方法:在大鼠肾动脉上方约1 cm的腹主动脉处,将直径0.7 mm的注射针头与腹主动脉一起结扎,然后抽出针头。术后4周、8周采用飞利浦HDI5000超声诊断仪、15 MHz高频线阵探头,经胸骨旁左室长轴切面及腹主动脉的长轴切面进行检测。结果造模后第4周模型组与假手术组比较:室间隔舒张末期厚度(IVSTd)明显增加(P<0.01),左室舒张末期内径(LVDd)和左房收缩末内径(LADs)无明显变化,左室心肌质量指数(LVMI)明显增加(P<0.01),左室射血分数(EF)无明显变化;造模后第8周模型组与假手术组比较:IVSTd继续非常显著增加(P<0.01),LVPWTd非常显著增加(P<0.01),LVDd显著增加(P<0.05);左房收缩末内径(LADs)明显增大(P<0.01);LVMI非常显著性增大(P<0.01),左室射血分数(EF)明显减小(P<0.05)。造模后第4周及第8周,模型组缩窄处血流压差均非常显著地大于近心端(P<0.001);腹主动脉缩窄率(%)分别为77.74±4.43%和79.23±3.97%。结论超声心动仪在动态研究大鼠心脏心室重构中具有重要应用价值;部分缩窄大鼠腹主动脉模型的早期是由压力负荷致心脏左室向心性肥厚的模型,随着压力负荷的持续和容量负荷的增加,左室逐渐演变为向心性肥厚和离心性肥厚的混合型肥厚。

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the efficacy for 4 disinfectants in inactivation of mouse hepatitis virus(MHV).Methods According to the 'Disinfectants Technical Guidelines',2002 ed,neutralization and MHV inactivation tests were used to evaluate their antiviral activity.Results After treatment with MHV-A59 for 5 min and 10 min,the inactivation logarithmic value of peracetic acid disinfectant,iodophor,sodium dichloroisocyanurate were higher than 4.The inactivation logarithmic value of benzalkonium bromide was lower than 4,indicating a low inactivation efficacy,which could not satisfy the requirements of guidelines.Conclusion Peracetic acid disinfectant,iodophor and sodium dichloroisocyanurate have good efficacy in inactivation of MHV-A59.

Abstract:Objective the purpose of this study is to determine if inhalation of 2% peracetic acid aerosol is harmful to humans and laboratosy animals. Methods Rats were kept in an isolator containing 2% peracetic acid aerosol in a concentration of 1g/m^3 for 30 minutes. Pulmonary alterations in the rats were assessed by pathological examination. Results Pathological changes in the rat lungs to a varying degree were caused by this procedure. Conclusions Disinfection under the barrier environment with 2% peracetic acid aerosolis irritative and harmful to laboratory workers and animals.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the feasibility of applying high-frequency ultrasound to measure precisely the carotid artery wall thickness and characterize its blood flow distribution in rabbits.Methods Nine male Japanese big-ear rabbits were included in this study.High-frequency ultrasonography was applied to determine the inner diameter,intima-media thickness,systolic peak flow rate, pulsatility index,resistence index and blood flow volume in the carotid artery.The rabbits were sacrificed and the carotid artery was taken for histopathological examination.The carotid artery intima-media thickness and inner diameter were measured on histological sections and compared with those determined by ultrasounography.Results In the blood vessel longitudinal section,with moderately echo and distinct verge,the common carotid artery looked like a parallel tubiform.In the lumen,the blood flow signal was moderate to strong,and the Doppler frequency ultrasonography showed triphasic wave type,changed quickly into red-blue-red form.The ultrasound results were highly correlated with pathological ones(r = 0.84).Conclusion High resolution ultrasoography can be applied in measurement of atherosclerotic lesions in the experimental rabbit model studies with a lot of merits such as simplicity,directly visual,non-traumatic and reprocibility,etc.

Abstract:Objective Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) in 2003,rapid progresses have been made in the development of SARS animal models.Several animal models including nonhuman primates,mice,hamster,civet and ferret all support SARS-CoV replication and some of them show pathological changes with different severity.However,present alternatives are not fully satisfied by absence of consistent clinical illness and pathological changes observed in humans with SARS.Because animal models play important roles in the entire process of SARS research,it is necessary to continuously develop more susceptible animal models for SARS.

Abstract:Cholecystokiniu is a peptide, which distributed widely throughout the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system, and has a number of physiological effects. In addition to gallbladder contraction, cholecystokinin also regulates enzyme secretion and growth of pancreas, intestinal motility, satiety signalling and the inhibition of gastric acid secretion. Cholecystokinin is a transmitter in central and intestinal neurons and is also the most abundant neuropeptide. In this paper, the function of Cholecystokinin was reviewed.

Abstract:The Mouse Genome Project has been completed after the Human Genome Project(HGP),but it is only one of the steps for unlocking the mystery of life.The scientists have been working on functional analysis for the genome to seek the rules to health care and overcoming diseases.A number of techniques,such as transgenic animal,gene knockout,large-scale mutagenesis have been applying to functional analysis of genes.But using those techniques,it is even impossible to complete the functional analysis for more than 30000 genes.A new tool,gene trap,has dramatically increased the scientists' ability to finish this tremendous task.In this review,the gene trap technique and information of the related data bank were summarized.

Abstract:Objective Somatic stem cells(SSCs) have the capability of self-renewal,and reside in a microenvironment named "niche" after their generation,in which the features of "stem cells" are kept.Cancer stem cells(CSCs) are capable of initiating and sustaining the tumor growth,with features of self-renewal,too.There are many resemblances between CSCs and SSCs,including the self-renewal regulatory pathways: Bmi1,WNT,Hedgehog,etc.The function of self-renewal is strictly controlled in normal stem cells,but mutations in CSCs make it loss of control,an important event during tumorigenesis initiated by CSCs.

Abstract:Bedding is one of the important factors which influences animal health and quality of animal experiment. Beddings of the current usage primarily consist of shavings of wood, corncob, recycled-paper, straws, hulls and other fiber materials. This paper reviews the toxicity of the bedding materials, extraction, and the bedding influences on laboratory animal growth and breeding. In fact, the white poplar and corncob are ideal bedding materials.