Abstract:Small animal in vivo imaging technology at home and abroad is more and more popular，which greatly promoted the life sciences，especially cancer research. This article describes the in vivo small animal imaging principles，methods and practical applications.

Abstract:Objective To establish infertile animal model through inflammation by directing infection mouse oviduct with staphylococcus aureus. Methods Directing inoculation concentration of 1 × 109 / mL of staphylococcus aureus into mice tube，making the model of chronic inflammation in the fallopian tube，observing the pathological inflammatory changes and pregnancy of mice. Results Seventy -five days later，mouse pregnancy rates and tubal patency rate in model group were significantly lower than control group(P < 0. 001) . In model group，the tubes had different degrees of dropsy，empyema and rigid tube had different levels of adhesion with surrounding tissue by visual observation. The fallopian tube lumen was completely obstructed by foreign granulation tissue and the whole layer was full of a large number of chronic inflammatory cell infiltrations by pathological observation. Conclusion That the concentration of 1 × 109 / mL of Staphylococcus aureus were inoculated could successfully establish a mouse model of salpingitis infertility.

Abstract:Objective To establish hepatic carcinoma mouse model with human BEL-7402 cells expressing luciferase and to compare bioluminescence imaging with that by small-animal PET-CT. Method The vector containing luciferase gene was constructed and transfected into human BEL-7402 liver tumor cell line and selected with G418 to obtain stable Luc-expressing clones. 5 × 105 cells，constitutively expressing luciferase，were inoculated to liver of BALB / cA-nu through hepatic portal vein for assessment of tumor growth with the whole-body optical imaging system and small-animal PET-CT. Result The stable Luc-expressing BEL-7402 cell lines were abtained，which could grow to tumor mass after implantation. There was high uptake of 18 F-FDG at the edge of liver with small-animal PET-CT. Conclusion Luc-labeled BEL-7402 cell lines and a mouse tumor model based on the cell lines are established，the whole-body optical imaging system combined with small-animal PET-CT provides a new and reliable technology for the in situ tumor model，which is a new tool to further study the mechanism of metastasis and drug discovery.

Abstract:Objectives To study the inhibitory activity of internal irradiation of interventional radionuclide 188Re in thermosensitive chitosan on mouse transplanted tumor H22 ( liver cancer) . Method The tumor-bearing mice were divided into 7 groups randomly，including model control，188Re(0. 1mCi) group，188Re-S(0. 1mCi) group，188Re + CS(0. 1mCi)group，188Re + CS (0. 2mCi) group，188Re-S + CS 0. 1mCi) and188Re-S + CS(0. 2mCi) group. The mice tumor was injected with corresponding reagent respectively，and the inhibitoy rate of tumor was observed after administrated. Results The growth of tumors in 188 Re + CS group and 188 Re-S + CS group was slowed. the tumor inhibitory rate reached the highest level after 6 days therapy，which respectively was 67. 35% and 67. 81% . Conclusions Internal irradiation of interventional radionuclide 188 Re in thermosensitive chitosan had the effect of inhibitory mice liver cancer.

Abstract:Objective To explore establishment a stable model of rat chronic renal allograft rejection. Methods Inbred F344 and Lewis rats were used as the donors and the recipients. Used the left kidney as a donor kidney，dressing for the kidney in vivo and in situ perfusion. Epidural catheter within the renal vein as a temporary stent tube，end-to-end of the six acupuncture anastomosis. Artery end-to-side continuous suture; ureter and bladder with the bladder flap anastomosis，Used cyclosporine A 5 mg / kg·d to 30 days after operation to prevent acute rejection from three days before operation.Results The total time of operation about 120 ～ 180 min，success rate about 90. 9% (40P44) ; receptors can survive up to 60 d. the complications include anastomotic bleeding，venous thrombosis and acute rejection etc. Conclusion Dressing for kidney in vivo and in situ from renal perfusion is a simple and reliable method. Stent vein of end-to-end anastomosis，abdominal aortic end-to-side anastomosis can be achieved stable rate of success is worth promoting. Skilled surgical and vascular anastomosis operation is the key to success.

Abstract:Objective To research the relationship of anger model and γ-aminobutyric acid B2 receptor (GABABR2) ，and the intervention mechanism of jingqianping granule by observing the differential expression of GABABR2 in anger emotional model rats of cerebral cortex regions and hippocampus. Methods The anger model was induced in rats by resident-intruder. We analyzed the expression of GABABR2 in cerebral cortex and hippocampus by Western Blot and RT-PCR. Results The expression of GABABR2 in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of model rats decreased obviously compared with the normal control group. Compared with the model group，the expression of GABABR2 increased after treated with Jingqianping graulne. Conclusion The Jingqianping granule can up-regulate the GABABR2 expression level of the model rats in cerebral cortex and hippocampus，which may be one of the mechanisms impacting rats with anger emotion. The expression changes of GABABR2 are tight related to rats with anger emotion.

Abstract:Objective To compare the adaptability of HET-CAM eye irritation test for products and ingredients.Methods Test 19 ingredients and 23 products by HET-CAM and Draize eye irritation protocol. Compare the data from in vitro and in vivo test. Result Compare in vitro data and in vivo data，The Kappa coefficient ，sensitivity，specificity are 0. 826，100% ，85. 75 for ingredient. 0. 531，81. 8% ，77. 8% for cosmetics as well. Conclusion HET-CAM eye irritation test can be used to be alternative test of Draize test. HET-CAM system is more suitable for ingredients test.

Abstract:Objective To elucidate the developmental process of spermatogenic cells in immature Cynomolgus monkey. Method Testis of 0，0. 5，1，1. 5，2，2. 5，3，3. 5，4 years old Cynomolgus monkeys were collected，paraffin sections were made，stained with HE and PAS /H ( pexiodic acid-schiff / hematoxylin，PAS /H) . Based on the staining pattern，the developental process of spermatogenic cells in immature Cynomolgus monkey was analysed and spermatogonial stem cells were primarily identified. Result HE Staining showed spermato gonial stem cells ( including dark type A spermatogonia，transitional type A spermatogonia and pale type A spermatogonia) were the only spermatogenic cells in seminiferous epithelium of Cynomolgus monkey at 1 year old and below，Type B spermatogonia emerged at 1. 5 years old，spermatocyte emerged at 3 years old，and all types of spermatogenic cells ( from spermatogonial stem cells to sperm) were present at 4 years old Cynomolgus monkey. PAS /H staining showed cytoplast of dark type A spermatogonia as positive，transitional type A spermatogonia as weakly positive，and pale type A spermatogonia as negative，while cytoplast of sertoli cells and other spermato genic cells as negative in Cynomolgus monkey between one year old and 2. 5 years old. Cytoplast of spermatogenic cells have a different PAS /H staining pattern in Cynomolgus monkey at 6 months old and below，3 years old and above. Conclusion This article detailedly elucidated the progressive development model of spermatogenic cells with age and established a new method for in situ identification spermatogonial stem cells in immature Cynomolgus monkey. These results will lay the foundation of spermatogonial stem cells related research in Cynomolgus monkey.

Abstract:Objective To establish a set of rabbit model of hepatic fibrosis，and summarize the experiences from the modeling process. Method 30 normal level rabbits were divided into two groups，25 rabbits as the experimental group were given carbon tetrachloride and oil mixture by intraperitoneal injection; five rabbits of the control group were given the same dose of saline. At 4th、7th、10th、13th、16th Week ，2 ～ 4 rabbits from the experimental group and 1 from the control group were sacrificed to observe the degree of hepatic fibrosis. Result During the modeling，seven rabbits of the experimental group were dead; the entire control group was survived. The degree of hepatic fibrosis was aggravated gradually with modeling extended. Conclusion The method successfully established a set of rabbit model of hepatic fibrosis.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the changes of NF-κB，MMP-2 and TIMP-2 protein and its mRNA in the rats with acute lung injury ( ALI) caused by lipopolysaccharide ( LPS) . Methods Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: normal control group，LPS model group. Each group had two subgroups，4 hours and 8 hours after LPS were injected. The ALI model was established by intravenous injection of LPS (10 mg / kg) through a tailvein. Then the white blood cell (WBC) in blood and the protein content in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid( BALF) were measured，the expressions of nuclear factor-κB ( NF-κB ) ，matrix metalloproteinase-2 ( MMP-2 ) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases ( TIMP-2) protein in pulmonary tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry ABC ，the expression NF-κB ，MMP-2 and TIMP-2mRNA were measured by real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction( PCR) ，while the histopathology of the lung injury was observed by light microscope. Results Compared with normal group，the expression of NF-κB and MMP-2 protien dyeing positive rate of area and its mRNA in LPS model group were obviously increased at 4 hours and 8 hours (P < 0. 01) ，and the expression of TIMP-2 protein dyeing positive rate of area and its mRNA at 4 hours and 8 hours were obviously decreased in LPS model group (P < 0. 05or P < 0. 01) . Light microscope observation indicated that there were pulmonary hemorrhage and necrosis in model group. Conclusion The increasing of expression NF-κB and MMP-2 protein and its mRNA and the decreasing of expression TIMP-2 protein and its mRNA may be the mechanism of ALI caused by LPS.

Abstract:Cerebral ischemia，which have a strong negative impact on patients life quality，is an increasing disease in recent years. During clinical treatment，neurological deficit scoring is an important index of evaluation both on diagnosis and healing effect. While in preclinical research，scoring system has been attached more and more importance since it is one of the major parameter for medicine efficacy evaluation. This article is aimed to introduce several experiments and scoring criteria which are widely used in ischemia research; and conclude that neurological deficit rating system should be highlighted and optimized in experimental study to carry forward advantages of integrated medicine in improving cerebral ischemia.

Abstract:Objective To establish model of continuous infusion of enteral nutrition and a method for obtaining lymph in rats. Method After rats received gastrostomy ，the silicone tube ，which freed to post back，was connected to the micro infusion pump through the swivel. After 5 days of continuous enteral nutrition the rats were opened the abdominal cavity and freed the intestinal lymph trunk，then the rats was subjected to intestinal ischemia for 60 minutes and reperfusion for 120 minutes，meanwhile，stealth inserted the silicon tube to collect lymph. Result After the first operation，the continuous infusion of enteral nutrition was smooth in rats and there were no death or complications symptoms. The lymph fluid was obtained by a simpler method，which success rate was higher than 90% in the second operation. Conclusion Model establishment of continuous infusion of enteral nutrition in rats could greatly facilitate to study the role of nutrients.The simple method to obtain the lymph provides greatly convenience for the study of lymph ingredients.

Abstract:Objective To develop a novel device for chronic lumbar catheterization of the spinal subarachnoid space in rat with a perfect protection of the external portion of catheter，and more convenient for repeat injection. Methods Pathogen-free adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. Rats were divided into two groups (n = 12 each) randomly. Rota-rod test and Tail-flick test were introduced to assess motor and sensory function respectively at one day preoperative and 1st，3rd，7th day postoperative. To evaluate functionality of the catheter，10 μL 2% lidocaine was injected in the catheter at 1st，3rd and 7th day post-catheterization. Results There were no mortality and overt paralysis in 2 groups. There is no significant difference in motor and sensory function between the two groups (P > 0. 05，T test). Most external portions were destroyed a few days post operation in control group，however in group with device，all the catheters worked well(P < 0. 05，χ2 test) and lidocaine test showed that functionality of the micro-catheters were normal 7 days after catheterization. Conclusion The novel device was reliable and convenient for repeat injection with a perfect protection function of the external portion of catheter，meanwhile it provided a more ideal model for chronic study in anesthesia，analgesia，neuroscience and relevant research.

Abstract:Objective To build up an ongoing experimental animal models of anesthesia for the purpose of special projects for the conduct of experimental studies is necessary. Method Pentobarbital powder was dissolved in saline into 1% liquid，and was injected by ear vein at 3 mL / kg. About 2 hours after the induction，the solution was given by constant-speed micro pump via intravenous trocar at 1 mL / (h·kg)，which lasted for 4 hours. Then the dosage was adjusted to and maintained for long term at 2 mL / (h·kg) body weight dose. Each day，the administration was suspended for an hour in both morning and afternoon，and meanwhile，the animals were fed with water. Resul As showed in the experiment，the rabbits tolerated 120 h continuous anesthesia，and were in good condition of tolerance. Before anesthetized，the rabbits’breath rate was 48 ～ 68 times/min，heart rate was 140 ～ 200 times/min，body temperature was 39. 4 ± 1. 0℃ . After ear vein injection at the speed of 3 ～ 6mg /sec，the rabbits were in drugged state every 3 ± 2. 8 s，no voluntary movement or excited agitation was observed，and the breath rate was 24 ± 6. 6 times/min. The mortality of these animals was 12. 5% . During anesthesia，the animals kept normal urination and bowel movements. Conclusion The major requirement of long-term continuous anesthesia is that the animals should be under sedation and avoid struggling. Pentobarbital is suitable for establishment of animal models for long-term anesthesia. This method has a satisfactory effect on treatment of blast injury and wound healing in practical applications.

Abstract:ARC( apoptosis repressor with CARD) protein expressed at high levels in the terminally differentiated tissues，such as，heart，skeletal muscle and brain，which was identified at the end of last century. ARC inhibits apoptosis at different levels. Since the specific expression of ARC in heart and antagonize apoptosis in many pathways，it became a hot-spot in recent years. With the function of anti-apoptosis，ARC has become a protecting factor for heart muscle. This review mainly focuses on the anti-apoptosis pathways and recent-year advances on ARC in cardiomyopathy.

Abstract:Oligonucleotides including antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNA can provide for a variety diseases，rapid，specific treatment，with a high potential for application. However，effective delivery of oligonucleotide molecules to specific cells and tissues is critical for finally clinical application. Targeted system can greatly improve the efficiency and specificity of oligonucleotides delivery. Meanwhile，an effective delivery system enable the oligonucleotides to reach the sites of action and access their biological targets. Some delivery strategies based on different platforms and different targeting ligands have been developed，and can play their biological activity. In this paper，the current progress in the field of the study will be summarized.

Abstract:Sperm cryopreservation has revolutionized the field of assisted reproduction，and it can provide an effective way to preserve valuable genetic resources. This review contained information relating to the cryopreservation of animal semen through a summary of significance research results about domestic and foreign sperm cryopreservation in recent years，and the topics discussed that the effect of semen collection，freezing pretreatment，freezing and thawing methodologies，cryoprotectant selection and methods of its addition and removal on sperm cryopreservation. In addition，this review also focus on evaluation criteria for post-thaw spermatozoa，proposing prospect on anticipation about research orientation of sperm cryopreservation and its application.

Abstract:Laboratory animal science is one of the fundemental and supporting subjects for life science researching work. When teaching laboratory animal science to medical students，we should center on standardization of laboratory animals and animal experiments，should add and consummate theoretical teaching stuff such as animal models，molecular genetics， embryo engineering and transgenic animals in order to follow up development trendency of life science. Meantime，we must integrate the theory with practice，and take full advantage of modern advanced teaching methods to nurture students′ operating skills and creative thinking with fundemental experiments，comprehensive experiments and autonomous design experiments. These exploration and improvement methods would have significant meaning for improving the quality of teaching laboratory animal science and intensifing students′ research ability in medical school.

Abstract:The authors introduced several teaching methods in academic English teaching practice for improving students′ comprehensive practical language application abilities. These suggestions are based on the authors′ teaching experiences as well as experiences gained from teachers from University of Minnesota in USA while the author was the visiting scholar during 2009 to 2010. The authors hope these methods give optimistic instructions for students of medical laboratory animal science to master the characteristics of the academic English，to improve their learning efficacy and to improve practical language application abilities.