Abstract:With increasing globalization and a trend towards international harmonization of standards for the care and use of animals in research and testing, there is a significant need to assist and support countries to develop training programs for laboratory animal veterinarians. Although formal educational opportunities for training laboratory animal veterinarians exist through well-established specialty colleges of laboratory animal medicine such as ACLAM, ECLAM, JCLAM, and KCLAM or through other professional organisations, such as the Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations (FELASA), opportunities for participating in these programs are often limited to veterinarians in North America, Western Europe and specific regions of Asia. Creative thinking is required to develop cost-effective, practical, entry-level and advanced continuing education and applied training programs for veterinarians working in the field of laboratory animal medicine around the world. This paper will describe one potential solution for this issue, the use of a distance education program that provides theoretical information in a virtual classroom with applied training modules to deliver knowledge and practical skills to laboratory animal veterinarians. This type of program takes advantage of the online learning environment and can be an effective means to deliver training at the grassroots level to adult learners.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), provide a reference for the evaluation of fatty liver therapeutic effect, the liver function, lipid metabolism,insulin resistance and liver apoptosis of NAFLD rats established by high cholesterol feeding were continuously monitored from 4~16 weeks. Methods 40 NAFLD rats established by high cholesterol feeding were randomly divided into the 4,8,2,6 weeks model group and a group of normal rats were set up for control, the serum GLU、CHO、TG、HDL、LDL、GPT、GOT and insulin were tested, the liver apoptosis and pathological changes were observed, then analyzed the effect of the liver function, lipid metabolism,insulin resistance and apoptosis on the pathological changes in non-alcoholic fatty liver rats. ResultsAfter 4 weeks of high cholesterol feeding, the rats had got the liver injury, disorder of lipid metabolism, insulin resistance. Liver cell apoptosis were increased obviously, and pathological changes were characterized by cell steatosis and inflammatory, the lesions became more serious with time went on. ConclusionsRats established by high cholesterol feeding could get the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the lesions became more serious with time over during 4~16 weeks. Lipid metabolism disorder and insulin resistance were the important cause of liver cell steatosis and inflammatory. The model we established is suitable for the evaluation of fatty liver therapeutic effect.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo express gB gene of pseudorabies virus fractionally for developing an ELISA on PRV vaccine antibodies. MethodWe analysed the gB epitope, and designed four pairs of specific primers, then four fragments of gB gene were amplified from PRV Xinjiang strain, which were named for gB-1、gB-3、gB-4 and gB-5 gene. The four gene fragments were cloned into PGEM-T-easy and sequenced, then the four genes were inserted into pGEX-6P-1 vector. The expressed proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. Three indirect ELISA methods were set up using purified gB-3、gB-4 and gB-5 proteins as antigen, and 22 clinical pig sera samples were detected. ResultsThe four recombinant expression plasmids were successfully expressed in Coli, and the proteins molecular weight were 75.05、53.86、49.96 and 49.72×10³Da, and gB-3、gB-4 and gB-5 have higher level expression, and the expression product mainly exists in inclusion body. Western blotting identification displayed that all the four fusion proteins were distinguished by pseudorabies virus positive serum. The coincidence rate between gB-3-ELISA, gB-4-ELISA, gB-5-ELISA and gB-ELISA of IDEXX company were respectively 40.9%, 81.8% and 81.8%. ConclusionThe study successfully expressed gB-1、gB-3、gB-4 and gB-5 of PRV gB, gB-3、gB-4 and gB-5 had higher expression. The gB-4-ELISA and gB-5-ELISA had high level coincidence with gB-ELISA of IDEXX company.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo determine the growth rate, organ index, blood Physiological and biochemical Parameters of germ-free KM mice during different growing Period, baby germ-free KM mice were obtained by hysterectomy form SPF KM mice and reared by hand feeding under aseptic condition. Methods(1) Weight and body size of the mice were measured at different days(from 0 to 112days; n=60; 30♀,30♂) to create a growth curve (2) The weight of the live mice and major organ size after dissection were measured at different days selected randomly (day = 8,6,112; n = 60 30♀,30♂) to determine the growth of these mice. (3) The blood Physiological and biochemical Parameters were measured by collected blood samples from the infraorbital vessels. Results(1) The weight of germ-free KM mice increased with the growing days, and the growth rate reached maximum within 1-2weeks Post-weaning. Significant difference was found between males and females(P＜0.05) after 4^th week. (2) All the major organs (heart, liver, spleen, lung and brain) increased with the ages except the thyme gland, and the growth of cecum size was obvious. (3) Difference of blood Physiological and biochemical Parameters was found between males and females at the same age, and the difference types increased with the growth of mice age. ConclusionThe results of growth rate and blood physiological and biochemical parameters could provide reference for the evaluation of germ-free KM mice colony.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate prevention and cure effect of Ulinastatin(UTI) combined with XUEBIJING(XBJ) on multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) induced by lip polysaccharide (LPS) in sheep . Methods50 sheep were randomly separated into 5 groups :the control(Group A), model group (Group B), UTI group (Group C), XBJ group(Group D) and UTI + XBJ group (Group E), 10 sheep each group . The MODS model was established by LPS in sheep. It was prevented and cured by UTI, XBJ and UTI + XBJ. Then the physical sign appearance was observed and the indexes of blood gas, blood routine and blood biochemistry were determined in each group. ResultsThe sheep in UTI＋XBJ group, the physical sign appearance was obviously alleviative, the death rate was markedly degraded. Arterial oxygen pressure (PaO₂), the biochemical indexes and the number of WBC was regulated efficiently. ConclusionUTI + XBJ could improve obviously physical sign appearance, degrade the death rate and it had favourable preventive and therapeutic effect on damage in multiple organ. 

Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the effects of 1,5(OH)₂D₃ on the airway remodeling and the expression of PAI-1 in asthma rats. MethodsEighteen wistar rats were randomly divided into three group:the control group, the asthma model group, and the 1,5(OH)₂D₃ group.The asthma model was established by sensitization and challenged with ovalbumin,and the rats in the 1,5(OH)₂D₃ group injected 1,5(OH)₂D₃ before the challenge. The following parameters were measured:the protein expression of PAI -1 by immunohistochemistry and the level of PAI -1 by ELISA. the bronchial wall thickness by computer-assisted image analysis system. Results(1)the bronchial wall thickness in the asthma group was higher than in the other groups(P＜0.01).(2) The expression of PAI -1 in the asthma group higher than that in other groups(P＜0.01).(3)The lever of PAI-1 in plasma of asthma group was higher than that in other groups(P＜0.01). (4)There was a positive correlation between the activity of PAI-1 in rat lungs and the bronchial wall thickness(r=0.822 P＜0.01),the same between the level of PAI-1 in plasma and the bronchial wall thickness(r=0.942 P＜0.01)Conclusion1,5(OH)₂D₃ could decrease the expression of PAI-1 in lung tissues of asthmatic rats and the level of PAI-1 in plasma and inhibit airway remodeling.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo establish a human colorectal cancer model on the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane(CAM) and study its characteristics of angiogenesis.Methods Human colorectal cancer cell line HT-29 at different concentrations were inoculated on the CAMs. To observe the factors affecting the survival of the transplanted human colorectal cancer, growth characteristics of the transplanting tumor and the characteristics of angiogenesis.ResultsThe transplantation tumor model of human colorectal cancer in CAM was successfully established. It was found that transplantation tumor was easy to grow and it showed strong angiogenesis effects.Conclusions It is feasible to establish a transplantation tumor model of human colorectal cancer on CAM. The model can be easily duplicated, which provides a useful animal model for studying the angiogenesis and biological properties of colorectal cancer and can be used in the research of the drug selection for human colorectal cancer.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo study the hepatic pathological changes in SD rat hepatic fibrosis model caused by carbon tetrachloride(CTC), alcohol combined with CTC, bile duct ligation, and discuss the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis preliminarily. Methods SD rats in carbon tetrachloromethane group were injected 50% carbon tetrachloromethane (CTC∶Olive oil=1∶1) hypodermically with dosage of 3 mg/kg (first dose doubled),2 times every week, for 6 weeks continuously. SD rats in alcohol combined with CTC group were drenched daily by alcohol mixture (alcohol∶pyrazole∶corn oil=10 mL∶25 mg∶2 mL) with dosage of 10 mL/kg, at the same time, intraperitoneal injected with dosage of 3 mg/kg CTC∶Olive oil(1∶3) 2 times every week,for 6 weeks continuously. SD rats in bile duct ligation group were anesthetized by 3% pentobarbital sodium intraperitoneal injection with dosage of 10mg/kg body weigh, disinfected abdominal skin, cutted along the abdomen to separate the bile duct and ligate bile duct at the proximal and distal bile duct with aseptic technique,28 days later ended the experiment. After the test, we anesthetized SD rats, dissected liver tissues with 10% formalin fixed for pathological inspection. Conclusions SD rat hepatic fibrosis model induced by CTC characterized by diffuse fatty liver, hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis; SD rat hepatic fibrosis model induced by alcohol combined with CTC characterized by alcoholic fatty liver, hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis; SD rat hepatic fibrosis model induced by bile duct ligation characterized by bile duct hyperplasia, hepatitis and hepatic fibrosis. ResultThese three methods can cause hepatic fibrosis occurs, in which the method for SD rat hepatic fibrosis model caused by CTC is suitable for clinical cholestasis induced hepatic fibrosis model to establish, the other two methods are suitable for chemical, viral hepatitis induced hepatic fibrosis model to establish, we can choose different method to establish corresponding animal model according to different experiment purpose.

Abstract:Development of the kidney is initiated when the caudal region of the Wolffian duct (WD) swells and then buds out into the adjacent metanephric mesenchyme (MM) induced by GDNF. Then FGF, HGF, BMP, MMP, integrin and adhesion molecules are expressed in the UB and MM result in branching morphogenesis, including the ureteric bud (UB) invation into the MM, the elongation of the UB and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). Those molecules function in maintaining a balance of cell proliferation and differentiation to ensure normal formation of the branches. Also, there are parts of overlap and antagonist between those growth factors. This review focuses on the regulation of branching morphogenesis.

Abstract:Reactive oxygen species are important factors,which directly or indirectly involve in the process of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. They are not only regulated by the balance between prooxidant and antioxidant enzymes in brain,but also participate in the various molecular signal pathway in cells. Therefore,they play an important role in the course of neuronal death events. In recent years,transgenic and gene-knockout mice have been widely used in research of the enzymes which influence the formation and elimination of reactive oxygen species,And they also are utilized in the study of the proteins which mediate a variety of cell death and apoptosisl. The animals provide necessary conditions for researchers to conduct the foundamental and applied studies on treatment of cerebral ischemia or reperfusion injury.

Abstract:The paper summarized the methods of building model on animal of vascular dementia, and introduced the ethology, histomorphology, nerve and biochemical indicator, imaging and other observation targets on animal model of vascular dementia in recent years. Supply related evidence for experimental research in future.

Abstract:The immune system in responding to HIV/SIV infection shows complicated and not understandable. Recently, the immune mechanism of NK cells, which plays a significant role in common antiviral reaction as the major component of innate system, becomes hot issue in the field of HIV/SIV infection research. Many studies have demonstrated that the distribution of NK cell subsets and the function are abnormal and disordered during the chronic phase of HIV/SIV infection, which has meaningful association with the high level of virus application. In addition, the changes of chemokine receptors expressed on NK cells surface result in the re-distribution of NK cells in different lymphoid tissues. However, it has shown that the expression of the functional receptor KIR3DL1 and KIR3DS on NK cells are useful for the protection of HIV infection and the disease progress. In this review, the effect of NK cells and immune mechanism of NK cells in HIV/SIV infection are summarized.

Abstract:The retroviral phenomenon of superinfection resistance defines an interference mechanism that is established after primary infection, and provides possible protection against the challenge with the same virus. A better knowledge of superinfection resistance-induced mechanisms could be useful for the development of an HIV vaccine or other antiviral strategies. Present studies suggest that the SIR based on infected cells and the immune response in vivo were concluded to be the main possible reasons for the protection against superinfection. However, so far the real mechanism in protecting patients from HIV superinfection has not been studied throughly. This paper reviews the findings and introduces the updates of superinfection with HIV infection.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo provide reference for producing a good laboratory animal production and management, we randomly analyzed microbes and parasites of Specific pathogen free(SPF)mice commonly used in China.Methods The current national standards《Laboratory animal—microbiological standards and monitoring》and《Laboratory animal—parasitic standards and monitoring》were used to tested the microbes and parasites in the samples of SPF mice strains commenly used in China, including ICR,KM,C57BL,BALB/c and BALB/c-nu.ResultsThe results showed that the main virus carried by SPF mice were Reo-3, PVM and POLY, the bacteria contamination included klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Peudomonas aeruginosa. They all affect the mice and experiment in certain degree except for Peudomonas aeruginosa.

Abstract:ObjectiveTo know the laboratory animal''s microbial quality in Hunan Province, and to provide the important basis for scientific management of experimental animals, to ensure the quality of laboratory animals, the experimental results and the occupational health and safety of animal science workers.Methods laboratory animals’ microbiological test in accordance with GB 14922.2-2001、GB/T 14926-2001 and GB/T 14926.21-2008.Sample testing with the principle of simple random on the breeding colony in the relevant unit. ResultsSPF rat, SPF mice, Normal New Zealand rabbits, guinea pigs’ batch qualified rate was 73.68%, 77.78%, 60.61% and100% respectively.Conclusions It is showed that microbiological quality of laboratory animals from 2006 to 2010 in Hunan province had a downward trend on the earlier stage, and had been improved greatly. Measures should be taken to strengthen the management of laboratory animals and to eliminate microbial infections in experimental animals.

Abstract:This article, with the aim to improve the teaching effect of experiment course, summarized some experience in the teaching of laboratory animal experiment course in eight-year program medical students and researched some unhealthy psychological chararteristics in teaching and the methods and countermeasures to slove these problems. The author hopes this article will be helpful for the further scientfic research of the medical students.

Abstract:Animals are irreplaceable in the medical research. More and more people began to turn their attentions to the animal welfare．The medical college is the organization of cultivating futural researchers, and t help the student to build the concept of protecting the experimental animal''s welfare is very important to the medical students. This study give suggestions of how to apply animal welfare theory to college students in teaching, body processing of animals and the implementation of 3R principle.