Abstract:Objective To observe the dynamic change of pathological indexes in MRL/lpr mice and explore the relationship between expression of SIGIRR in kidney tissue and the pathological grade of lupus nephritis, which suggested whether TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway was involved in the development of LN. Methods There were 12 control mice C57BL/6 and 12 model mice MRL/lpr and then their thymus and spleen index 、proteinuria 、BUN、ANA were detected at 12week、15week、18week and 21week respectively. And kidney frozen sections were stained with HE and Masson to study the pathological grade of LN. At last, IHC and western blot was used to analyze the expression of SIGIRR in kidneys of mice at different ages. Results Proteinuria of MRL/lpr mice increased from 12week to 21week when compared with control mice at the same age, while BUN and ANA had no significant increase as time went by. HE and Masson staining showed that model mice began to develop glomerulonephritis, diffuse infiltration of inflammatory cells surrounding vessels at 12 week, and then kidney interstitial fibrosis, Glomerular mesangial and basement membrane thickening, and even the glomerular fibrosis and sclerosis. However expression of SIGIRR in kidney of MRL/lpr mice at 21 week had significant increase when compared with that of C57BL/6 mice by western blot and IHC. Conclusion Expression of SIGIRR increased following the LN development, and it may be involved in the TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway.

Abstract:Objective: To explore the difference of intestinal histological changes induces by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) between young and adult rats. Methods: 40 SD rats were divided into young and adult groups each 20 with 4 and 10 weeks old respectively. Based on the I/R model of superior mesenteric artery occluded, the intestinal specimens were harvested before and after ischemia 1h, reperfusion 1h and 2h, Chiu’s scores were calculated according to their morphological changes were performed and the data analyzed statistically. Results: There was pathological changes performance for chorionic villi lodging and hyperemia under villi space of intestine after ischemia. Villus necrosis and small ulcer formation, intrinsic layer separation can be found in intestine after reperfusion, there was the aggressive trend with the reperfusion time prolong especially in young group. But for the Chiu’s score, its higher in young group at reperfusion 1h than that in adult group only (P<0.05), no significant difference the scores compared between two groups in another three observe time points ( P>0.05 ). Conclusion: Intestinal tissue damage induced by I/R is severer in young rat than adult and increased with reperfusion prolong.

Abstract:[Abstract] Objective To establish the disease syndrome combined animal model, the WHBE rabbit myocardial ischemia model of phlegm-blood stasis syndrome type, by high fat diet feeding and coronary artery ligation. Methods WHBE rabbits were randomly divided into the normal control (NC) group, myocardial ischemia model (MI) group and myocardial ischemia model of phlegm-blood stastis syndrome (PBSS-MI) group, 6 in each group. The myocardial ischemia of MI group and PBSS-MI group were induced by ligated the coronary artery, and then NC group and MI group were fed with common forage, while PBSS-MI group was fed with high fat forage for 4 weeks. The model establishment and its pathological process of phlegm-blood stasis syndrome were evaluated by examinations on body weight, myocardial enzymes indexes, blood liquid levels, hemorheology and myocardial infarction size (MIS), and correlation analysis by Pearson method. Results Compared with NC, the weight of MI group was slightly lowered, and the serum CK, LDH, TG, plasma viscosity, casson viscosity and myocardial infarction size were significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01).While the weight of PBSS-MI group had no obviously lowered, but serum CK, LDH, TC,TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte electrophoresis time, casson viscosity and myocardial infarction size were significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with MI group, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, high shear rate of whole blood viscosity, erythrocyte electrophoresis time and myocardial infarction size were higher than those of MI group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that MIS and TC, TG and HDL-C in MI group were closely related (P<0.01), and MIS and TC,TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, LDH, CK, high shear rate of whole blood viscosity, low shear rate of whole blood viscosity, erythrocyte electrophoresis time and cassion viscosity in PBSS-MI group were also closely related (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion Disease syndrome combined model for myocardial ischemia model of phlegm-blood stasis syndrome type in WHBE rabbit could be established by high fat diet feeding with coronary artery ligation, and it has related changes between MIS and blood lipids level, hemorheology, which may reflect related biological basis of the traditional Chinese medicine of phlegm and stasis cementation.

Abstract:【Abstract】Glomerulopathy is one class of disease mostly relate to both sides of glomerulus and take proteinuria as main clinical manifestations, as its pathogenesis is not clear, so the accurate and effective detection and diagnostic method is still absenced. Recent studies have found podocyte proteins Nephrin and Podocin play critical role in the development, diagnose and forecast of numerous glomerular diseases.In this paper, we review the research of Nephrin and Podocin in the Glomerulopathy recently. 【Key words】Podocyte proteins; Nephrin; Podocin; Glomerulopathy

Abstract:[Abstract] Objective To analyse and evaluate the genetic quality of Fangshan closed colony miniature pig population in DNA level according to DB11/T828.3-2011. Method According to the local standard DB11/T828.3-2011, 25 pairs of microsatellite primers were used in 22 Fangshan closed colony miniature pigs for polymerase chain reaction. Popgen32 was used for result handler. Results Among 25 pairs of primers, 4 of that were not able to get stable amplification results, even when changing reaction condition; 21 pairs of primers were able to get stable amplification results. There are 91 valid allelotype in 21 microsatellite locus. The average PIC is 0.4630, and the average heterozygosity is 0.5331. What’s more, products of SWr1008 is different from that of DB/T828.3-2011. And the chromosome position of SW271 in DB/T828.3-2011 and http://www.marc.usda.gov also exists differences. Conclusion Fangshan closed colony miniature pigs with genetic stability satisfy the genetic standard of closed colony animal.

Abstract:【Abstract】 Objective To learn about the food consumption of rats dieted for 2 years. Methods The control group of a combined chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity test include 60 male and 60 female Specific Pathogen-Free Wistar rats (4 weeks old). The rats were acclimated for 1 week prior to initiation of the test. The rats were dieted with conventional feed. The study duration was 104 weeks. Food consumption were measured weekly for the first 13 weeks and once every 4 weeks thereafter. Results Food consumption of Wistar rats in their different life period was reported. The mean food consumption for male rats during 104 weeks was 26.3g/day/ rat and that for female rats was 19.5 g/day/ rat. Conclusions The data about the food consumption of Wistar rats reported in this paper can provide some reference for relevant technical staffs.

Abstract:Abstract Objective: To investigate the methodological improvement and process optimization of 50% reduced-size liver orthotopic transplantation model in rats. Methods: Base on the classical double-bushing model, establish new process to improve the effect of liver resection, with the method of penetrated puncture 4 rounds, ligate 3 times and 2 folds back to graft the 50% reduced-size donor liver orthotopically. Results: All rats remain good conditions after operation, liver function keep back to normal level quickly. Conclusions: With the surgical novel graft method, a stable 50% reduced-size orthotopic liver transplantation model could be established，and meet the requirement of design of experiment of animal model.

Abstract:【abstract】 Objective To study the comparetive histology of male reproductive system in five kinds of common laboratory animals, and to find out the similarities and differences among them to provide normal histologic controls for the basic research of the laboratory animal study. Methods Five kinds of animals, i.e., Kunming mice ,SD rats, Japanese big ear rabbit, Beagle and tree shrews, which all reaching sexual maturity and their quality all meeting the national quality standards of the laboratory animal inspection, were selected to undergo pathological anatomy, pathological slices –making, conventional HE staining, immunohistochemical staining after painless death for the research of the histological similarities and differences on the testicles, epididymis, prostate, seminal vesicle gland and penis among them under microscope. Results (1) The maximum number of plies of spermatogenic cells in seminiferous tubule is found in Japanese big ear rabbit, the maximum number of sperm counts is found in SD rat, and the thickest ply of albuginea is found in Beagle. (2) Differences are found in epididymis covering epithelium among the test animals, the epididymal epithelium of Japanese big ear rabbit is arranged in papillary and screen pipe structure, and its muscle layer is the thickest of all. (3) Different animal species varies in the size of prostate volume, Beagles have the biggest prostate volume and the most number of glands, while Kunming mice and Tree shrews have the minimum of that; The least smooth muscle amount is found in kunming mice, while The SD rats Rats and tree shrews have the most smooth muscle amount. (4) Seminal vesicle glands of the SD rats are obvious at its big volume and cystic, its epithelial cells have many branches and are connected into nets, its glandular cavity is filled with red secretion, while Beagle has no seminal vesicle gland at all.(5) Kunming mice , SD rats and beagle have penis bone,Kunming mice and SD rats have mucous glands wrapped around the penis bone with marrow cavity,while Beagle’s penis bone is make up of mature lamellar bone, without mucous glands and marrow cavity, and Beagle penis contains more thick wall vessel, sympathetic nerve plexus and fat cells.The penis of Kunming mice and SD rats contains preputial glands(serous gland and mixed gland respectively), which developed much in Kunming mice. (6) A handful of laboratory animals are attacked by inflammation, ulcers, calcification, hyperplasia of lymphoid follicles and some spontaneous lesions. Conclusion There are some histologic differences in the male reproductive system of laboratory animals, so this should be take into account in experiments and related pathology inspection of laboratory animals.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the comparetive histology of female reproductive system of common laboratory animals, and to find out the similarities and differences among them to provide normal histologic controls for the basic research of the laboratory animal study. Methods Five kinds of animals, i.e., Kunming mice ,SD rats, Japanese big ear rabbit, Beagle and tree shrews, which all reaching sexual maturity and their quality all meeting the national quality standards of the laboratory animal inspection, were selected to undergo pathological anatomy, pathological slices –making, conventional HE staining, immunohistochemical staining after painless death for the research of the histological similarities and differences on the ovary, oviduct, uterus and cervix uteri and spontaneous lesions among them under microscope. Results (1) The maximum number of plies of spermatogenic cells in seminiferous tubule is found in Japanese big ear rabbit, the maximum number of sperm counts is found in SD rat, and the thickest ply of albuginea is found in Beagle. Comparison of ovarian histology: The maximum number of follicle at all levels is found in Japanese big ear rabbit, followed by kunming mice in the mumber of the secondary and mature follicle, the maximum number of corpus luteum and white body is found in SD rat, and the ovarian hilum in SD rats and beagle is more obvious than that of others. (2)Comparison of oviduct histology: Oviduct epithelium of beagle is highly developed, showing a network interwoven by papillary epithelium. (3) Comparison of uterus histology:The thickest of the endometrium layer and muscular layer is found in Beagle, while the thinnest of the endometrium layer and muscle layer is found in Kunming mice. And the greatest density of the endometrial gland is found in tree shrews.(4) Comparison of cervical histology: The cervixes of Kunming mice,SD rats and beagle are all covered with squamous epithelium and without cervical mucus glands, while the cervixes of Japanese big ear rabbit and tree shrews are covered with mucus columnar epithelium, showing papillary arrangement, and with a few inherent cervical mucus glands. (5)A handful of laboratory animals are attacked by inflammation, ulcers, calcification, hemosiderin deposition and some spontaneous lesions. Conclusion There are some histologic differences in the female reproductive system of laboratory animals, so this should be take into account in experiments and related pathology inspection of laboratory animals.

Abstract:[Abstract] Objective To study the effects of D-galactose on the expression of P-ERK 1/2 in hippocampus of mice and on learning and memory ability Methods Twenty Kunming mice, half male and half female, were divided into two groups. To establish aging model of mice, D-galactose was injected daily in the subcutaneous for 35 days in the dosage of 125 mg / kg. The control group was given saline. In the modeling period, the general condition of mice was observed. Step-down and morris water maze were carried out to test the learning and memory ability at the last one week. After the experiment, the animals were sacrificed to extract hippocampal tissue. The expression of P-ERK1 / 2 in hippocampal of mice was detected by western blot. Results Step-down test showed that compared with the control group, the latency in the model group decrease significantly (P <0.01) and the number of electric shock in the model group increase significantly (P <0.01). Morris water maze showed that the latency of escape in the model group were longer than the control group (P <0.01). Western blotting results showed that the expression of P-ERK1 / 2 significantly decreased in the model group and the effect is more pronounced in male mice. Conclusion D-galactose may impair learning and memory ability by inhibiting the expression of P-ERK1 / 2 in hippocampal of mice and the effect is more pronounced in male mice.

Abstract:Subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) is a kind of hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease，which causes serious damage. Recent decades have seen the significant progress in diagnosis and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH), but the high mortality and high morbidity has not effectively been controlled. The major reason is that the pathogenesis of SAH still remains unclear until now. Therefore, establishing an ideal animal model of SAH will have an enormous advanced effect on research of pathophysiologic mechanism, clinical prevention and cure of it. The author reviewed various establishment methods of rat models after SAH, and their advantages，disadvantages and application. Looking forward to help humans in basic and clinical research of SAH.

Abstract:[Abstract] Objective To explore the management of anesthesia of the Bama minipigs for major hepatectomy. Methods 30 healthy male Bama minipigs were chosen for hepatic trisegmentectomy. Ketamine 12mg/kg were given by intramuscular for basic anesthesia before anesthesia induction and intubation using pentobarbital sodium 24mg/kg. Isoflurane inhalation anesthesia was used for anesthesia maintenance. Anesthetics dosages were adjusted according to the change of hemodynamics. And the mechanical ventilation parameters were regulated in accordance with SPO2 and PETCO2. Results 26 of the 30 Bama minipigs get through the perioperative period successfully. The range of the mean arterial pressure (MAP) was less than 20% and the jugular venous pressure (JVP) was kept at 3-6mmH2O during the operation. And the SPO2 was kept above 95% throughout the operation. Adverse event was occurred on 3 pigs. Conclusion The management of anesthesia of the Bama minipigs for major hepatectomy needs appropriate drug and fluid management, complete monitoring, and properly handling the abnormity of physical signs. The hemodynamics stability during the hepatectomy and the treatment of the residue liver are of great importance to anesthesia management.

Abstract:Objective To explore the sensitivity response to bacterial endotoxin of WHBE rabbits. Methods The fever was studied after the WHBE rabbits and Japanese white rabbits were intravenously injected bacterial endotoxin in different doses (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 EU/kg), and on the normal rabbits as the control group. Heating curves were drew, and analyzed the fever peak, the temperature difference at 180min, temperature response index and heating rate. Through curve fitting the fever threshold doses were calculated. Results The results of the study showed that the increase of bacterial endotoxin dosage had a promotive effect on the febrile response of the rabbits. It had no significant influence on gender factor for the febrile response of the WHBE rabbits and Japanese white rabbits induced by bacterial endotoxin. 5 EU/kg and 10 EU/kg dosages of bacterial endotoxin-induced pyrogenic reactions on WHBE rabbits were higher than those of Japanese white rabbits, and the heating rates of WHBE rabbits were 60.7% and 92.9%, while the heating rates of Japanese white rabbits were 39.3% and 82.1%. Furthermore, the pyrogenic threshold doses of endotoxin in WHBE rabbits and Japanese white rabbits were 5.72 EU/kg and 7.93 EU/kg after intravenous injection. Conclusion WHBE rabbits had better sensitivity on pyrogenic reactions induced by bacterial endotoxin and are suitable to pyrogen test.

Abstract:Objective HCV will be inoculated rapidly enough to tree shrew liver in vivo by using abdominal transverse operation and hepatic portal vein injection , to improve the rate of HCV infection in tree shrews. Methods Tree shrew peritoneal were opened by the transverse abdominal operation, the hepatic portal vein were found, HCV were inoculated by hepatic portal vein injection. Results 20 tree shrews are transverse operation and hepatic portal vein injection，The success rate of operation and hepatic portal vein injection accuracy rate reached 100%, HCV is completely into the tree shrew liver. Tree shrews had good health and survived after the postoperative nursing care, the operation had no effect on the blood sampling and testing. The other 2 tree shrews of abdominal longitudinal incision were not inoculated by the hepatic portal vein injection, because hepatic portal vein was covered by the liver and was not easy to be found . Conclusion Abdominal transverse has many advantages , including fully exposed the hepatic portal vein, convenient operation, in accordance with physiological solution planing, less tissue trauma,, good wound healing and so on, it is suitable for hepatic portal vein injection, which lays a foundation for the further study of HCV infection of tree shrew, and has certain experience and reference value for other related experimental animal and animal experiment.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the difference of growth and organ coefficient between mutant mice and normal mice using inbred BALB/c curly mutant mouse model．Methods 21d，42d and 63d three different age groups of BALB/c mutant curly and normal BALB/c mice of 20 each，half male and half female，were selected to measure body weight，head length，body length，tail length and to compare the head body ratio，tail body ratio and organ coefficient．Results F4 generation BALB/c mutant curly has completely homozygous mice．Head body ratio，tail body ratio of mutant curly mice aged 21d and 42d were lower than those of normal mice (P< 0.05)，body weight，head body ratio，tail body ratio of mutant curly mice aged 63d were lower than those of normal mice (P< 0.05)．Heart，spleen，ovarian，uterine coefficient of 21d mutant mice were greater than those of normal mice (P< 0.05，P＜0.01)；heart and thymus coefficient of 42d mutation curly mice were lower than those of normal mice，brain and testis coefficient were higher than those of normal mice (P< 0.05，P< 0.01)；heart and uterus coefficient of 63d mutant curly mice lower than those of normal mice，brain coefficient was higher than those of normal mice (P<0.05，P< 0.01)．Conclusion There are differences in appearance and organ coefficient of BALB/c mutant curly and normal mice，these different mutations have very important significance for the study of BALB/c mutant curly mice growth，cardiovascular system，immune system and reproductive system．

Abstract:ObjectiveTo compare the freezing effect of three cryoprotectants usevitrification-cryopreservation methods on immature C57BL/6J mouse testicular tissues.MethodTestis from five-day-old mouse were cryopreserved using DMSO、PROH and EFS cryopreservation solution and thawed respectively. Cryodamage of seminiferous cords was H&E stained and semi-quantitatively determined, establishing a scoring of alterations. The function of testicular tissues after xenografting was evaluated by Real Time quantitive PCR and assisted reproduction. ResultsThe morphology of the fresh and frozen–thawed samples was significant different(P﹤0.05). After eight-week xenografting, mature sperms were achieved from all tissues and both methods resulted in pregnancies.The number of progenies from DMSO, PROH and EFS were 5, 2 and 8 respectively, after micromanipulation and embryos implanting. Moreover, the tissue-specific genes were expressed normally. ConclusionsThe threefreezing protocols are able to maintain mouse immature testicular tissue architecture and functionality. The preference is EFScryoprotactants solution.

Abstract:Objective The aims of this study were to assess the developmental changes of coronary artery complications and Cardiac function in the murine model of Kawasaki disease (KD) With a high frequency ultrasound system and to provide evidence for preparation the murine model of KD. Methods Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract (LCWE) was prepared, and injected to C57BL/6 mice intraperitoneally to induce KD. Totally 40 mice were categorized into 2 groups randomly: KD model group and the control group with intraperitoneal injection of phosphate buffered solution, 20 mice in each group. On days 10, 21 and 60, the coronary artery dimensions were measured by echocardiography. Cardiac function including left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVIDd), left ventricular end-systolic diameter(LVIDs), ejection fraction(EF), fractional shortening(FS) and the blood flow velocity of atrioventricular valve during early diastole(E) /atrial contraction(A) were assessed. Results By echocardiography, the present study successfully detected coronary artery diameter and measured cardiac function in the murine model of KD. Two-dimensional echocardiography identified a high density echo images around the coronary artery wall at 10 days and 21 days following intraperitoneal injections of LCWE, and then, 4(20%) accompanied by local coronary artery aneurysm at 14 days and 21 days. The left coronary artery showed dilation in the murine model group of KD at 10 days and 21 days following LCWE injection. The diameter of left coronary artery in the murine model of KD（0.46?.11 mm on D10, 0.47?.09 mm on D21）was significantly higher than the control group（0.32?.14 mm on D 10, 0.36?.06 mm on D21, all P＜0.01). The right coronary artery diameter had no significantly differences among each groups（all P>0.05). In addition, there were no significantly differences in measurement of cardiac function including EF、FS、E/A、LV Vol d、LV Vol s、LVID d and LVID s among each groups at 10days, 21days and 60days following LCWE injection（all P>0.05）. Conclusions The present study successfully detected coronary arteries diameter and measured cardiac function by echocardiography in the murine model of KD. Our results suggested that the murine model of KD established by using an i.p. injection of L. casei cell wall extract was shown similar natural progression on coronary artery abnormalities with KD patient. Key words: Kawasaki disease; Model; Echocardiography；murine