Abstract:Objective To explore rabbit osteoarthritis model and evaluate the cartilage degeneration of rabbits by DTI. Methods 24 New Zealand adult rabbits were divided into A, B, C,D groups randomly,and establish articular cartilage degeneration animal model in early middle and later periods, D group as the control group. FA and ADC values of articular cartilage were measured. Observe knee joint cartilage through histological HE staining and Alcian blue staining. Results The cartilage differences of anisotropyand diffusion characteristic between cases and controls were statistically significantly. The FA values gradually decreased while the ADC values increased at early stage then decreased. Conclusions DTI can quantitative analysis rabbit osteoarthritis cartilage degeneration.

Abstract:Objective To analyze blood routine in adjuvant arthritis rats. Methods Complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis models were established in Wistar rats, and detection of blood routine was carried out by the automatic blood analyzer. Results Compared to normal rats, 14 blood test indicators were significantly different in adjuvant-induced arthritis rats. Conclusion The leukocytes count was significantly increased in adjuvant-induced arthritis rats, and anemia of chronic disease similar to people rheumatoid arthritis appeared.

Abstract:Objective To select a best mouse strain for establishing a better animal model of alcoholic fatty liver through comparison study. Methods BALB/c,C57 and C3H were choose to establish alcoholic fatty liver model through alcohol gavage and the serum biochemical indicator and the results of pathology were compared.Results Weight gain and liver index in BALB/c model group were lower than those of the control group(P < 0.01,P < 0.05);weight gain in C57 and C3H model group were lower than that of the control group(P < 0.05,P < 0.01). Compared with the control group,ALT,AST levels in BALB/c model group were markedly increased(P < 0.01);ALT、AST、TG levels in C57 model group were increased(P<0.01);liver cell cytoplasm appeared a large number of scattered fat droplets in BALB/c mice model group,and fat droplets in C57 model group were more than those of BALB/c and C3H model group,the hepatic steatosis degrees in C57 model group were obviously serious.Conclusion C57 is the better ideal experimental animal for providing a good experimental platform to study the pathogenesis of alcoholic fatty liver diseases.

Abstract:Objective To observe the effect of high fat diet on the lipid metabolism and the formation of atherosclerosis in Tibetan Pig in order to discuss the characteristics of the insulin resistance atherosclerosis model of Tibetan Pig. Method Several 4-5 months age Tibetan Pigs were randomly divided into normal group 4 ones which were fed with common diet and AS model group 8 ones which were fed with high fat diet for 24 weeks. At the time of before the modeling and the 4th、8th、12th、16th、20th、24th week blood was regularly taken from precaval vein, then measured fasting plasma glucose, fructosamine, blood lipid and serum insulin level and conduct glucose tolerance test, calculated the atherogenic index(AI), insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR), insulin sensitivity index(HOMA-IS). Animals were anesthetized to meare arterial blood pressure and indices of left ventricular function. Abdominal aortic was taken to observe the plaque, HE staining and oil red "O" staining was conducted to observe the pathological changes. Result Controlled with normal group, the fasting plasma glucose of AS model group increased significantly since 16th week(P < 0.05,P < 0.01), the fructosamine increased significantly since 4th week(P < 0.01), the lipid level also increased significantly from 4-24th week, atherogenic index(AI) increased significantly from 4-24th week. During the 16-24th week the HOMA-IR of the model group was significantly high and the HOMA-IS was significantly low(P < 0.05,P < 0.01). At the 24th week, controlled with the normal group, the MBP and SBP of the model group was significantly high(P < 0.05,P < 0,01) while the LVEDP、+dp/dtmax、-dp/dtmax was significantly changed(P < 0.05,P < 0.01). Pathological observation showed that in the AS model group there is lipid deposition and atherosclerosis appeared. Conclusion Tibetan Pig induced by high fat diet can appear obvious atherosclerosis and insulin resistance, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, which is an ideal experimental animal of the study of insulin resistance atherosclerosis.

Abstract:Objective To study the effects of association factor on growing development and reproductive performance of experimental mice. Methods ICR mice were fed under different association factor, mating ways and crowded condition, and the number of newborn mice, delivery rates and body weight at different times were recorded. Results The reproductive performance of the 1st fetal showed no significant difference between different groups (P >0.05). And the one of the 3rd fetal was similar to the 2nd fetal, the comparison of the number of newborn mice between different groups showed no significant difference (P >0.05). The delivery rates and delivery body weight of newborn mice of group A were significant higher than the other groups (P<0.01), and the delivery body weight of newborn mice of group D were significant lower than the others (P<0.01). The body weight of group F was higher than all the other groups. The one which was significant different from group E and G at 28 days (P<0.05), just showed significant difference between group E at 35 and 42 days (P<0.05). The increasing body weight of group F were higher than all the other groups at different times, but showed no significant difference between group G (P >0.05). The increasing body weight of group F and G both showed significant difference between group E (P<0.05) during 36 to 42 days. All results of group H were significant lower than the others (P<0.01). Conclusion Association Factor may has the effect on growing development and reproductive performance of mice, and should be paid attention to during the process of feeding and managing experimental mice.

Abstract:Objective To explore the correlation between vaginal bleeding during early pregnancy and abortion of Macaca fascicularis. Method The Statistic results of the incidence of early pregnancy bleeding and abortion rate were worked out by observing the normal menstrual and the vaginal bleeding during early pregnancy. Then the correlation between vaginal bleeding during early pregnancy and abortion of was investigated based on the results. Results The ratio of Macaca fascicularis bleeding in the first menstrual cycle was reached 80% of the total amount of pregnancy, while the abortion rate was 0%. Conclusion Since the vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy was one basic phenomenon of Macaca fascicularis, it was have no effect or little impact on pregnancy security.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the role of hypoxia on the expression of DNA methylation and histone acetylation related enzymes.Methods Primary cultured rat astrocytes treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) were used. The expressions of DNA methyltransferase (DNMTs), Methl-CpG binding domain protein 2(MBD2), CREB-binding protein (CBP), Histone Deacetylase 3(HDAC3) were examined by Western blot.Results DNMTs(DNMT3A and DNMT1) levels were increased by 49% and 83% compared with control and the level of MBD2 level was decreased by 36% after OGD for 48h. HDAC3 level was up-regulated by 2.1 times after OGD for 48h, however the expression of CBP was dramatically increased by 20 times compared with control.Conclusion The expression of DNA methylation and histone acetylation related enzymes might alter under hypoxia in astrocytes leading to gene transcription.

Abstract:Objective To establish normal range and mean values of blood biochemical parameters in Mesocricetusauratus and Albino mutant. Methods Blood samples were taken from eyes of hamster. A number of blood biochemical parameters were measured using automatic biochemistry analyzer. The data was analyzed with SPSS10.0. Results The range of normal values of biochemical data of Mesocricetusauratus and Albino mutant were archived.There are significant difference between Mesocricetusauratus and Albino mutant. Conclusion The range of normal values of biochemical data of Mesocricetusauratus and Albino mutant were determined. This will be a significant data in research of Mesocricetusauratus and Albino mutant asalbinismmodel.

Abstract:Objective To study the influence and possible mechanism of nestin overexpression on the partial hepatectomy regeneration and proliferation capacity in mice. Methods In order to confirm the overexpression status,the expression levels of nestin in liver was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR,Western blot and immunohistochemistry.Then,The difference of proliferation index in wild type mice and transgenic mice liver was detected by Brdu label,the mice were divided into 3 groups(in the resting state,24hours later of liver subtotal nephrectomy,72hours later of liver subtotal nephrectomy). Results Fluorescence quantitative PCR,Western blot and immunohistochemistry confirmed overexpression of nestin in the liver of the transgenic mice.In the resting state,Brdu labelling index is almost zero both in the transgenic mice and the wild type mice,showing no difference between them;However,in the case of partial hepatectomy,more cells in the transgenic mice enter into proliferation status,suggesting that overexpression of nestin enhanced the regeneration and proliferation capacity of the liver cells in the transgenic mice when compared to the wild type(24hours later:t=2.996,P=0.024;72hours later:t=2.915,P=0.027). Conclusion Nestin overexpression had no effect on the liver proliferation in the resting state,but can increase the proliferative capacity in the case of partial hepatectomy(PH).This indicate that Nestin overexpression had no obvious effect on quiescent cell,but in some pathological changes or stimulus state,nestin can increase the proliferation of cells through promote the formation of DNA.

Abstract:Objective To compare clinical characteristics of BALB/c mice infected by H7N9 (A/Shanghai/4664T) and H1N1 PR8 (A/Puerto Rico/8/34) virus for providing clues for H7N9 virus pathogenic mechanism researches. Method Each BALB/c mouse was inoculated by 5×10³ TCID50 H7N9 or H1N1 PR8 virus or PBS after anesthetize. The bodyweight change, lung index, viral load and pulmonary pathology were monitored and analyzed. Result BALB/c mice infected with H1N1 PR8 and H7N9 showed clinical characteristic differences. In terms of bodyweight change, both H1N1 PR8 group and H7N9 group were reduced gradually within 7 days post infection (d.p.i), though the bodyweight of H1N1 PR8 group decreased more rapidly than that of H7N9 group. The lung viral loads of H1N1 PR8 group and H7N9 reached peak at 3 d.p.i, and reduced to very low level at 7 d.p.i. Nevertheless, though the H1N1 PR8 group and H7N9 have no significant difference at 3 d.p.i, H7N9 group showed a significantly higher level of viral loads than that of H1N1 PR8 group at 7 d.p.i (P<0.05). For lung pathological aspects, the major lesions of H1N1 PR8 group were infiltration of inflammatory cells and edema; H7N9 group showed mild inflammatory cell infiltration at 3 d.p.i. Subsequently at 7 d.p.i, the mainly lesions of H1N1 PR8 group were abundant of inflammatory cells infiltration with a massive pulmonary edema; H7N9 group showed a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrating in the lung.Conclusion BALB/c mice infected by H7N9 and H1N1 PR8 showed differences in pathogenic characteristics. H7N9 virus showed less mouse adaptability than the H1N1 PR8 virus. We need to consider the impact of virus titre on follow-up evaluation studies for the efficacy of potential H7N9 therapy drug and vaccine.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the pathogenicity, transmission ability, and phylogenesis of the dead black headed gull isolated new emerging infectious H5N1 virus which was existed in the end of 2011.Methods To verify whether the dead black headed gull isolated H5N1 could infect human source cells, and investigate the replication ability, virulence and pathogenicity in MDCK cells and BALB/c mouse model. Meanwhile, the transmission ability of the new emerging infectious H5N1 will be tested using mouse model. Meanwhile, phylogenetic analysis was done based on HA protein sequence. Results The new emerging H5N1 virus could replicate in some human lung cell lines, and the pathogenicity to BALB/c mice is weaker than the most virulent H5N1 strain and the vaccine preparation strain. However, the new virus could be efficiently transmitted among mice, but the protective antibody could not be detected in mice.Conclusion Phylogenetic analysis based on HA amino acid sequences showed it belong to clade 2.3.2.1, which is the main epidemic group in recent years.

Abstract:Objective To research epidemic caused by a novel avian-origin human influenza (H7N9) virus in China underscores the need for studies on the pathogenicity and pandemic potential of the virus.Methods H7N9 virus infection in mice caged together with cohabitation mice to study changes in the clinical indications for cohabitation mice, viral replication of the virus in tissue distribution, and pathological changes. Results Our present study shows the H7N9 virus isolated from patients efficiently infects mice and causing lethal symptoms. In addition, the H7N9 virus could be transmitted to uninfected mice via direct contact and cause morbidity and pathological changes.Conclusion our mouse model of indirect infection can be used to study the pandemic potential of H7N9 virus in humans.

Abstract:Objective To discuss the infective and pathogenic ability of H7N9 avian influenza virus in mammals.Methods The mice model was induced by nose dropping method with influenza virus, by continuous passage in the lung tissue of BALB/c, to get the adaption of seasonal H1N1 in mice and seasonal influenza virus infection model, the lung index and death rate was observed. Results After 9 times continuous passage in the lung tissue of BALB/c, Genome sequencing and alignment indicate that the HA gene, NA gene and PA gene was mutated.Conclusion H7N9 Avian influenza virus A/Anhui/1/2013 gene mutation occurs after continuous passage, but the virμLence and pathogeniceffects of the virus still need further verification.

Abstract:Objective To investigate whether seasonal vaccine induces anti-virus activity against H7N9 and cross-reactive immune response against related H1/H3/H5subtype influenza viruses.Methods A/Anhui/1 (H7N9) were pre-incubated with sera vaccinated with seasonal vaccine and A/California/07/2009 (H1N1), A/PR/8/34 (H1N1), A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1), A/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2), A/Shenzhen/406H/2006 (H5N1), A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1) were pre incubated with ferret sera infect with H7N9 through Micro-neutralization and HI Assay. Results Human sera from the donors were tested for HI and neutralization activity against influenza (H7N9) preparationsremained at undetectable levels after seasonal vaccination, and ferret sera were tested for HI and neutralization activity against H1/H3/H5 type influenza viruses either.Conclusion The neutralizing antibodies raised in all donors sera vaccinated with seasonal vaccine cannot neutralize H7N9 influenza virus, and cannot cross-react to H1/H3/H5 subtype.

Abstract:Objective To offer the help for exploring the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of anaphylactoid purpura through detection of blood immunological indexes in rat and rabbit models, and comparation with changes of blood indexes in pediatric patients.Methods Establishment of rat and rabbit models; For anaphylactoid purpura, then take symptom observation and histopathological analysis; Blood routine tests; Detection of serum cytokines IL-2, IL-4, TNF-α; white cells surface markers CD3, CD4, CD8; immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, IgE, and complements C3 and C4 contents in rat, rabbit and pediatric patients. Results Rats and rabbits models manifested different degrees of skin Petechiae, and gastrointestinal, joint and kidney also showed various degrees of inflammatory reaction; Compared with the control group, rats and rabbits of model group and patients presented increased number of white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils (NEU) and percentage (NEU%), lymphocytes (LYM) and percentage (LYM%) decreased, normal count of (platelet) TLP at acute phase; serum CD4⁺ T lymphocytes was decreased, CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio were decreased, and TNF-α, IL-4 increased; serum immunoglobulin IgA level elevated, C3,C4 decreased, all had statistically significant differences between the two groups. But these indexes changed in different degrees, serum IL-2, IgG, IgE changes were not the same. Conclusions Hematological changes of Henoch-Schonlein purpura in rat and rabbit models were similar to humans. These results will provide a valuable basis for clarifying pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of HSP.

Abstract:Objective To establish ferret models for the novel avian-origin H7N9 influenza virus.Methods A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9) virus was administered by intranasal instillation to groups of ferrets. Clinical signs, virus shedding from respiratory tract and pathological analyses were recorded. Results Inoculated ferrets developed typical clinical signs including body weight loss and sneezing. Peak virus shedding from respiratory tract was observed on 3-5 days post inoculation (d.p.i.). Virus could also be detected in heart, liver, and olfactory bulb from inoculated ferrets. The inoculation of H7N9 could elicit seroconversion titers up to 1280. Leukopenia, significantly reduced lymphocytes but increased neutrophils were also observed in ferret models.Conclusion Collectively, the ferrets models enables detailed studies of the pathogenesis of this illness and lay foundation for relative drug or vaccine evaluation.

Abstract:Objective To compare mouse inner canthus veniplex injection and tail intravenous injection.Methods 4～6 weeks BALB/c mice were injected with normal saline respectively, the time and the difficulty were compared. Results mouse inner canthus veniplex injection is easier than tail intravenous injection.Conclusion mouse inner canthus veniplex injection is an easier and more successful method for mouse intravenous injection.

Abstract:Objective To prevent postpartum infantophagia in artificial feeding female Tree Shrews.Methods a variety of steps are adopted to prevent postpartum infantophagia in 50 female tree shrews. Results 45 tree shrews were pregnant,5 tree shrews were not pregnant, conception rate was 90%. 5 tree shrews were abortive in 10～15 days, 1 tree shrew was parodynia, 6 tree shrews kept on postpartum infantophagia and rate was reduced from 100% to 14%.36 tree shrews were regular production and infants preserved growth healthily, preventive success rate was 86%.Conclusion By taking step of comprehensive intervention,postpartum infantophagia of tree shrews attained effective control and reduction, with reference to improve reproduction rate of the artificial domestication of tree shrews population.