Abstract:Objective　To observe the effect of single and repeated predatory sound stresses on the anxiety-like behavior of Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods　After single and repeated predatory sound stresses, the behaviors of rats were recorded by open-field test (OFT) and elevated plus-maze (EMP) test, respectively. The mean velocities of OFT and EPM were measured as an index of movement, and the percentages of distance traveled (D%) and persistent time spent (T%) in the center zone of OFT and open arms of the EMP, respectively, were determined as parameters of anxiety-like behavior and used to evaluate the anxiety of rats. Results　Before a single stress, movement in each group of rats was similar, but showed a lower baseline during anxiety. At days 1 (OFT), 3 (OFT) and 7 (EPM) after stress, 10 and 60 min treatments with a single predatory sound stress significantly decreased the D% and T% in the center zone of OFT or open arms of the EPM compared with control and white noise groups, respectively ( P < 0. 01). Similarly, rats at days 1 (EPM), 3 (OFT) and 7 (EPM) after repeated predatory sound stresses exhibited lower D% and T% in the center zone of OFT or open arms of the EPM compared with control and white noise groups, respectively ( P < 0. 01). At day 7 after repeated stresses, diazepam (1 mg/ kg i. p.) reversed the levels of anxiety in predatory-sound-stressed rats ( P < 0. 01). Conclusions Predatory sound stress increases the anxiety-like behavior of rats. In addition, a single predatory sound stress over a short duration (10 min) induced stress that persisted for at least 7 days, with no tolerance to repeated stresses.

Abstract:Objective　To explore the effect and mechanism of Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor α (Rho GDIα) knockdown on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in silicosis. Methods　The alveolar type Ⅱ epithelial cell line A549 was induced by transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) for EMT.The cells were divided into four groups: lentivirus empty vector (LEV) group, RhoGDIα depletion lentiviral vector (Lv-Rho GDIα-inhibition)group, LEV-transfected cells induced by TGF-β1 (LEV+TGF-β1) group, and Lv-Rho GDIα-inhibition transfected cells induced by TGF-β1 (Lv-Rho GDIα-inhibition+TGF-β1) group. Western blotting and immunocytochemical staining were used to examine the protein expression of Rho GDIα, RhoA, Rho kinase(ROCK), E-cadherin (E-cad), α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) and collagen-I. Results　Compared with the LEV control group, Rho GDIα, RhoA, ROCK, α-SMA and collagen-I showed upregulated expression, while E-cad showed downregulated expression in the Lv-Rho GDIα-inhibition group. Compared with the LEV + TGF-β1 group, Rho GDIα, RhoA, ROCK, α-SMA and collagen-I were all upregulated, and E-cad was downregulated in the Lv-Rho GDIα-inhibition+TGF-β1 group. Western blotting and Cell Counting Kit-8 result showed that silencing of Rho GDIα inhibited cell proliferation. Conclusions 　Rho GDIα knockdown may lead to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation by regulating the RhoA/ ROCK signaling pathway, and plays an anti-silicosis effect.

Abstract:Objective　To explore the effect and mechanism of PLCγ1 in mouse oocyte meiotic resumption and to provide a reference for its study and clinical application in humans. Methods　Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of PLC isoforms in granulosa cells and cumulus cells. Models of follicle culture and cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) culture in vitro were generated to study the effect of U73122 (PLCγ1 specific inhibitor) on LH- and EGF-induced oocyte meiotic resumption. Changes in intracellular calcium levels were monitored using Fluo 3-AM, and cGMP levels were measured by ELISA. The expressions of IP₃R isoforms (mRNA and protein levels) were detected by Real-time PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Results　The expression of Plcγ1 mRNA levels in granulosa cells and cumulus cells was significantly higher than that of other isoforms ( P <0. 05). Furthermore, U73122 inhibited LH/ EGF-induced oocyte meiotic resumption ( P <0. 05) and decreased EGF-induced calcium levels in cumulus cells ( P < 0. 05). In addition, U73122 significantly reversed the decline of cGMP levels mediated by EGF ( P <0. 05). The expression of Itpr1 mRNA levels was significantly higher than other isoforms in granulosa cells, cumulus cells, and oocytes ( P < 0. 05). Western blot and immunohistochemistry showed that IP₃R1 protein was expressed in all the three cell types. Conclusions　LH-dependent EGF receptor signaling increases calcium levels in cumulus cells through PLCγ1-IP₃R1, which ultimately induces meiotic resumption.

Abstract:Objective 　To establish a method for an in vitro test for skin sensitization based on ARE-Nrf2 (antioxidant responsive element - NF-E2-related factor 2) luciferase, and using this test to assess the sensitizing potency of chemicals and sample mixtures. Methods 　A stable transfection of the HaCaT cell line containing a selective plasmid encoding AKR1C2-ARE fused to the fluorescent luciferase was constructed (DSens), and the cells were incubated with samples for 48 hours at different concentrations. The expression of luciferase was measured by fluorescence detection. Skin sensitization was predicted for 16 known skin sensitizers and six mixtures. Results 　Sixteen reference substances were accurately distinguished by DSens. Among the six sample mixtures, the prediction result of five mixtures were consistent with the result of other detection method , and another unknown sample was predicted to be positive. Conclusions　The DSens in vitro testing method may be a useful replacement for some animal tests used to predict sensitivity to soluble skin products.

Abstract:Objective　To study the effect and mechanism of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) up regulating miR-155 expression in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) of neonatal rats. Methods　The HPH model of newborn rats was established. Thirty newborn Wistar rats were divided into model group and nimodipine administration group according to the random number table. Healthy newborn rats were used as the blank control group, 10 rats per group. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) was measured on the 2^nd, 4^th, 8^th and 12^th days of hypoxia in all groups of rats. The serum levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were measured by ELISA. The lung tissues at the 12^th day of hypoxia were taken and the expression levels of miR-155, HIF-1α and ET-1 were measured. The control group was operated in the same way. Results　In the model group, the rats were moving slowly, weak, dim, curled up, depressed, with reduced food intake and weight loss. In the blank control group, the rats were moving quickly, glossy, with normal diet intake and body weight. In the administration group, the rats’ response, body hair, diet intake and weight were between the blank control and model groups. Compared with the control group, the mPAP, HIF-1α and ET-1 of the model group were significantly higher at the 2^nd, 4^th, 8^th and 12^th days of hypoxia ( P < 0. 05), and the mPAP, HIF-1α and ET-1 of the model group were significantly lower at the 2^nd, 4^th, 8^th and 12^th days of hypoxia ( P < 0. 05). In the control group, the lung tissue structure was clear, with intact alveolar wall and no interstitial exudation. In the model group, the pulmonary microvasculature was dilated and congested, the volume of both lungs was increased, with obvious pulmonary edema and inflammatory cell infiltration, and the presence of alveoli of different sizes, and the alveolar septa were obviously thickened. In the administration group, the alveoli were exuded and bleeding, and the capillaries were dilated and congested. Compared with the model group, inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly reduced. Compared with the blank control group, the expression of HIF-1α and ET-1 in the lung tissue of the model group increased significantly ( P < 0. 05), and the expression of miR-155 decreased significantly ( P < 0. 05). Compared with the model group, the expression of HIF-1α and ET-1 in the lung tissue of the drug group decreased significantly ( P < 0. 05), and the expression of miR-155 increased significantly ( P < 0. 05). The target gene of miR-155 and 5’ UTR of HIF-1α were complementary, and miR-155 might regulate the expression of miR-155 in lung tissue by targeting and binding HIF-1α 3’ UTR. Conclusions　Hypoxia may be an enhancing factor in inducing the expression of HIF-1α and ET-1, reducing the inhibitory effect of miR-155 on IGF-1R, and causing HPH pulmonary tissue injury. IGF-1 may exert a protective effect on the lung tissue by upregulating the expression of miR-155, reducing the proliferation of IGF-1R cells and promoting apoptosis.

Abstract:Objective　To observe the effects of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Wenyang-Yiqi recipe, on post-infarction heart failure in rats, and to investigate its pharmacological mechanism by AMPK-mediated mitochondrial autophagy. Methods　A total of 100 healthy SPF rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 20 per group): control group, sham-operated group, model group, TCM intervention group, and AMPK agonist group. The rat model of postinfarction heart failure was established by coronary artery ligation except for the control group and the sham operation group. Then, the TCM intervention group was given Wenyang-Yiqi recipe, 0. 10 mL/ kg by intragastric gavage once a day for four weeks, while the AMPK agonist group received the same dose of Wenyang-Yiqi recipe plus an intramuscular injection of EX229 at the same time. After 4 weeks of intervention, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LEVF) and heart/ body weight ratio of the rats were measured. The mitochondrial respiratory control ratio (RCR) was determined by a mitochondrial ventilator, and the protein expressions of p-AMPK/ AMPK, LC3II/ LC3I, PINK1 and Parkin were determined by western blotting assay. Results　Compared with the control group, the heart/ body weight ratio of the model group and AMPK agonist group was increased, while the state3 respiratory rate and RCR were decreased. Compared with the model group, the heart/ body weight ratio of the TCM intervention group was decreased, while the state3 respiratory rate and RCR were significantly increased ( P <0. 05). Compared with the control group, the expression levels of p-AMPK/ AMPK, LC3II/ LC3I, PINK1 and Parkin in the myocardial tissue of the model group, TCM intervention group and AMPK agonist group were significantly increased, and compared with the model group, the expression levels of p-AMPK/ AMPK, LC3II/ LC3I, PINK1 and Parkin proteins in the TCM intervention group were significantly decreased ( P <0. 05). Conclusions　The traditional Chinese medicine Wenyang-Yiqi recipe improves the myocardial function of rats with post-infarction heart failure, and the mechanism might be related to the inhibition of AMPK-mediated mitochondrial autophagy.

Abstract:Objective　To identify the differential expression of serum proteins in rats after hepatocyte injury induced by ketoconazole (KTZ) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Methods　Ninety-six SPF 7-week old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the KTZ (n = 32), control (n = 32) and CCl4 groups (n = 32). The KTZ group was administered 225 mg/ kg KTZ twice, once a day. The CCl4 group was administered 10 mL/ kg CCl4(V/ V: 30%) once and the control group was given an equal amount of saline once by intragastric administration. At 4, 24, 48 and 72 h after the administration, blood was taken from anesthetized animals and used to prepare serum. The livers were removed and used to prepare pathological sections. Serum proteins from the KTZ and CCl4 groups after hepatocyte injury and from the control group were extracted and differentially expressed proteins were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS). Results 　The ALT at 24 h after the end of the administration in the KTZ and CCl4 groups was significantly increased with pathological changes in hepatocytes ( P <0. 05). Compared with the control group, four differentially expressed proteins, i. e. apolipoprotein AI, plasma glutathione peroxidase, apolipoprotein E and vitamin D-binding protein were identified in the KTZ and CCl4 groups. Conclusions　The four differentially expressed proteins can be used for further studies of potential biomarkers for hepatocyte injury.

Abstract:Objective　To provide experimental method and technical support for the establishment of a rhesus monkey model of human Coxsackie B2 virus infection for analyzing the infection characteristics of human Coxsackie B2 virus in rhesus monkey models. Methods　Coxsackie B2 virus was inoculated orally to infect infant rhesus monkeys aged 3-4 months. The clinical symptoms, body weight and temperature of the rhesus monkeys were observed. Blood was collected to detect physiological and biochemical indexes. Virus titers were analyzed in the blood and herpes tissues. Herpes tissues were pathologically examined. Results　Herpes appeared on the hands, feet and mouth 2-5 days after infection; animals showed depression, decreased activity and diet intake. Coxsackie B2 virus was detected in the herpes and serum samples. Rhesus monkeys infected with the virus routinely developed leukopenia, and had increased numbers of monocytes, granulocytes, and eosinophils, but decreased numbers of lymphocytes and basophils. Blood biochemical tests showed that the liver function, kidney function, and myocardial enzymes were more or less increased. Herpes histopathology indicated that the tissues had squamous epithelial thickening, excessive surface hyperkeratosis, local necrosis with inflammatory cell infiltration, and abscess formation. Conclusions　Characteristic effects of viral infection in infant monkeys including hand, foot and mouth herpes, clinical symptoms, physiological and biochemical impairments, and viremia, indicating that the rhesus monkeys were successfully infected with Coxsackie B2 virus orally. The established detection method and techniques used were feasible for this type of study and laid an experimental foundation for the subsequent establishment of a model of rhesus Coxsackie B2 virus infection for pathogenesis research and drug and vaccine evaluation.

Abstract:Objective　To explore a simple and rapid evaluation method for successfully establishing a mouse model of thoracic aortic aneurysm/ dissection. Methods 　Twenty-four 3-year-old C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into either the model or control group. The model mice were fed a normal diet and given drinking water containing β-aminopropionitrile for 4 weeks. The control mice were fed a normal diet and given normal drinking water. The body weights of the mice were dynamically monitored, and the thoracic aorta and left common carotid artery were detected using the Vevo 2100 small animal ultrasound system at week 4 of the experiment. The thoracic aorta was observed by microcomputed tomography. Results　The body weights of the model group were significantly decreased at week 4 compared with those of the control group. Ultrasound and micro-computed tomography revealed that the thoracic aortas of the model group were significantly enlarged with the aortic aneurysm formation; the pulse wave velocity changed, and the arterial stiffness increased significantly. Conclusions　Ultrasound imaging can be used to easily, quickly and safely evaluate the success in establishment of the mouse model of thoracic aortic aneurysm/ dissection and dynamically monitor the changes in aortic aneurysm size and arterial stiffness.

Abstract:Objective 　To clarify the role of Compound Fritillaria Scutellaria Decoction ( CFSD) as an intervention of leukemia cell proliferation, and to explore the correlation between the administration of CFSD and the expression of Wip1 in mice. Methods　Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of CD33 positive cells in the mouse blood. The expression level of Wip1 was detected by real-time quantitative PCR and the expression of WIP1 protein was detected by Western blot. Results　The positive CD33⁺ CD117⁺ leukemia cells of adriamycin plus CFSD (Adr⁺CFSD) group was the lowest ( P <0. 01). The expression of Wip1 mRNA in the bone marrow of model mice was high, and the expression level of Wip1 mRNA in the bone marrow of the other groups was decreased ( P <0. 05). Conclusions　CFSD combined with chemotherapy improved the efficacy of chemotherapy and the remission rate of leukemia, and reduced the expression of Wip1 mRNA. CFSD protects the integrity of the liver and spleen structures and partly inhibits the proliferation of leukemia cells.

Abstract:Objective　To explore the effect of Coprinus comatus polysaccharide (CP) on hypoglycemia in rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Methods　Forty male Wistar rats were selected and 30 rats were injected intraperitoneally with 50 mg/ kg STZ to establish a diabetic rat model. Rats with successful modeling were randomly divided into polysaccharide, model and positive drug groups. After 60 days of administration in each group, sugar tolerance test was performed. next day,the serum was taken to detect insulin, urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, triglyceride, and total cholesterol. The liver and kidney were taken out to weigh and their supernatant was used to detect the superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde content. Pathological changes in the kidney and liver tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Results　Compared with the model group, CP increased body weight, serum insulin, SOD activity and MDA, and significantly reduced blood glucose blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, triglyceride and total cholesterol in the diabetic rats ( P <0. 01). The shape of the glomeruli was regular with a clear structure and reduced vacuoles in the hepatocytes. Conclusions 　Coprinus comatus polysaccharide displays good antioxidant activity in STZinduced diabetic rats and has a role in lowering blood glucose.

Abstract:Objective　To investigate the inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg3 combined with cisplatin on the metastasis and microangiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma in mice and its possible mechanism. Methods 　Sixty Kunming mice were used to establish H22 hepatocellular carcinoma model and were randomly divided into six groups according to the different treatment method : model group, cisplatin group, low dose Rg3 group, high dose Rg3 group, low dose Rg3 combination group and high dose Rg3 combination group. The microvascular density (MVD), and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 ( MMP2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 ( MMP9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in each group was detected. Results　1) The body weight of the high dose Rg3 combination group and cisplatin group was increased by the smallest amount, while that of the Rg3 low dose group and high dose group increased most significantly ( P <0. 05). (2) Compared with the model group, the serum levels of CD3⁺ and CD4⁺ cells in each treatment group were increased significantly, while the levels of CD8⁺ cells were decreased significantly ( P <0. 05). The levels of CD3⁺ and CD4⁺ cells were the highest in the high dose Rg3 group, followed by the low dose Rg3 group, and the CD3⁺ and CD4⁺ cells in the low/ high dose Rg3 group was lower than that in the low dose Rg3 group ( P <0. 05). (3) Compared with the model group, the expressions of MMP2, MMP9 and VEGF in the tumor tissues of mice in each treatment group were decreased significantly ( P <0. 05). Among them, the expressions of related proteins in the high dose Rg3 combination group were significantly reduced ( P <0. 05). (4) The MVD of model group, platinum group, Rg3 low dose group, Rg3 high dose group, low dose combined group and high dose combined group were (12. 64±1. 96), (7. 73±1. 65), (9. 92±1. 45), (7. 13±1. 64), (8. 16±1. 44), and (6. 28±1. 49), respectively. There were significant differences in MVD among the six groups ( P <0. 05). Conclusions　Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits the invasion and metastasis of H22 hepatocellular carcinoma cells and has a certain coordination with cisplatin.

Abstract:Objective 　To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise combined with paeonol poly(lactic-coglycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles on blood biochemistry and lipid metabolism in obese rats with hyperlipidemia. Methods　Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet to induce a model of obesity with hyperlipidemia. Model rats were randomly divided into the model control group, aerobic exercise group, paeonol PLGA nanoparticle group, and aerobic exercise combined with paeonol PLGA nanoparticle group (SP), with 8 rats per group. The intervention was continuous, and the body weights were measured weekly for 6 weeks. After the intervention, total cholesterol, triglycerides and highdensity lipoprotein were assayed using an automatic blood biochemistry analyzer, and then the liver coefficient was calculated. The serum lipoproteinase and hepatic lipase contents were detected, and the abdominal fat was sampled for pathological examination. Results　The body weight, blood biochemical parameters, liver coefficient, lipoproteinase and hepatic lipase contents of the aerobic exercise group, paeonol PLGA nanoparticle group and SP groups were improved, compared with those of the model control group. The SP group was improved the most compared with the model control group, and the result were statistically significant ( P <0. 01). The result of the abdominal fat pathology for the same field of view showed that the SP group mice had the most small and numerous abdominal fat cells. Conclusions　Aerobic exercise combined with paeonol PLGA nanoparticles can ameriortae the obeisity-acompanying high-fat diet-induced lipid metabolic disorder, reduce the liver indices, regulate lipid metabolism and alleviate fat accumulation in rats.

Abstract:Objective　The Standardization of the People’s Republic of China stipulated that Sendai virus (SeV) must be excluded from clean and SPF grade mice. To simplify the detection and improve its efficiency, a novel real-time fluorescence recombinase polymerase amplification assay (real-time RPA) was developed for the detection of SeV in this study. Methods　The specific primers and probes were designed against a conserved sequence of the gene encoding the SeV fusion protein, allowing the establishment of this detection method. The specificity, sensitivity, stability and reliability of the assay were evaluated. Finally, the superiority of this detection method was compared with the standard PCR method. Results　The assay was highly specific, showing no cross-reactions with six other pathogenic microorganisms such as mouse hepatitis virus. The sensitivity, stability and reliability were acceptable, and this assay was completed within 25 minutes, much faster than the routinely used PCR. Conclusions 　In this study the SeV real-time RPA detection method is successfully established and found to be a simple, efficient, intuitive and specific detection method.

Abstract:Objective　To explore the method of detecting penile somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) in beagle dogs under general anesthesia and the changes of SEP during the process of dorsal penile nerve resection as reference material for further study. Methods　Glans penis (GP) and dorsal penile nerve (DN) SEP were measured under general anesthesia and during resection of the dorsal penile nerve in five beagle dogs. The waveforms and parameters were observed. Results　Stable waveforms of penile SEP were obtained under general anesthesia in beagle dogs. The average latency of GPSEP was 41. 84±1. 41 ms with an average amplitude of 1. 56±0. 26 μV, while the average latency of DNSEP was 33. 46 ±2. 45 ms with an average amplitude of 1. 80±0. 52 μV. The latency of penile SEP changed significantly during the process of resection of the dorsal penile nerve in the dogs ( P < 0. 05). Conclusions 　Detection of penile SEP under general anesthesia is feasible and its waveform is stable. There are changes in the latency of penile SEP during the process of resection of the dorsal penile nerve, which can provide an experimental animal basis for further study of the treatment of erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation.

Abstract:Objective　To study the protective effect of an external medicine “hemorrhoid magnetized cream” on acetic acid-induced hemorrhoids in mice. Methods　Forty SPF ICR mice were divided into normal (n =10) and model (n =30) groups. The model was established with 20% acetic acid and divided into untreated model, hemorrhoid magnetized cream-treated and Ma Yinglong musk hemorrhoid cream-treated groups at 24 hours after hemorrhoid induction. After 11 d of treatment, the perianal scores were determined, levels of L-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in peripheral blood were detected by CBA kit, nitric oxide (NO) in peripheral blood was detected by Griess kit, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to evaluate the pathological changes in rectal tissue. Results　Compared with the normal group, the perianal score of the untreated model group was significantly increased, the pathological damage to the rectum was severe, and the levels of IL- 6, IL-1β, TNF-α and NO in the peripheral blood were significantly increased. Compared with the untreated model group, the perianal scores in the hemorrhoid magnetized cream- and Ma Yinglong musk hemorrhoid cream-treated groups were significantly reduced, the pathological changes in the rectal tissue tissues were significantly improved, and the levels of IL- 6, IL-1β, TNF-α and NO in peripheral blood were significantly decreased. Conclusions 　The hemorrhoid magnetized cream shows a good therapeutic effect in the mouse hemorrhoid model, and this therapeutic effect is closely related to the regulation of inflammation of the body.

Abstract:α-thalassemia is the most common human hereditary hemochromatosis, caused by mutations of one to all four of the α-globin genes. The severity of symptoms ranges from asymptomatic to fatal disease. Hemoglobin H disease (HbH disease) is caused by mutations affecting three α-globin genes, causing an imbalance of α-globin and β-globin, and result ing in ineffective erythropoiesis and peripheral hemolysis. This in turn causes anemia, iron overload and splenomegaly, ultimately leading to a variety of serious complications. HbH disease can be divided into deletional HbH disease and non-deletional HbH disease. Hemoglobin Constant Spring (Hb CS) is the primary type of non-deletional HbH disease in China, and clinical manifestations of non-deletional HbH disease are usually more severe. They can be diagnosed by DNA analysis, and early diagnosis is particularly important for optimal management and prognosis of HbH disease. At present, the treatment for HbH disease is primarily preventative and supportive. Blood transfusion, iron chelation and splenectomy can be used when necessary, and there are experimental data showing that treatment with Chinese medicine has a beneficial effect on HbH disease.

Abstract:Rats are commonly used animals in laboratory experiments. In any study of rats that involves mechanical ventilation to assist and control respiration, the establishment of a stable artificial airway is a prerequisite for the success of experiments. Simple, safe and reliable airway management adds an element of convenience to the laboratory research, and also improves the welfare of the laboratory animals. This review of endotracheal intubation in rats summarizes recent research and applications of the method ology, influential factors and evaluation method , and explores a set of simple, safe and reliable airway management strategies.

Abstract:Although endoscopy can be used to diagnose colorectal cancer early, however, due to its invasiveness and other limitations, most patients have advanced or even metastatic status at the time of diagnosis. The anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody cetuximab enriches the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer, and its therapeutic effect is related to mutation in the KRAS gene. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the KRAS gene before use of an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody. Extensive research on exosomes has led us to consider whether exosomes can be used to determine KRAS mutation status. This review focuses on the feasibility of using exosomes to detect KRAS mutations to guide the use of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in patients with colorectal cancer.

Abstract:Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth deadliest cancer in the world. Early detection of colorectal cancer can significantly reduce its mortality. Methylation of the SEPTIN9 gene is related to the occurrence and development mechanism of colorectal cancer. Therefore, detection of the SEPTIN9 gene methylation level in the peripheral blood can be used for the screening of colorectal cancer and for surgical efficacy evaluation and prognosis prediction. The studies on SEPTIN9 gene, mSEPT9 assay, clinical application and existing problems are reviewed in this paper. It is hoped that this article will provide clinicians with a preliminary understanding of SEPTIN9 and its related research on colorectal cancer,allowing them to select appropriate detection method and develop a method based on gene methylation as a breakthrough point.