Abstract: Objective To establish a disease-syndrome combination model of human coronavirus 229E ( hCoV- 229E) pneumonia and “Hanshi Yidu Xifei” syndrome, observe the consistency of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome and the disease of the model with typical clinical manifestations of viral pneumonia, and verify the reliability of the model for pharmacodynamic evaluation. Methods Young BALB/ c mice were placed in a cold damp environment and infected with hCoV-229E to establish the mouse model. The appearance and behavior of model mice, serum gastrointestinal hormone levels, lung index, viral load in lung tissue, changes in the presence of live virus, lung histopathology and imaging, inflammatory cytokines, and lymphocytes in peripheral blood were analyzed. A Chinese herbal compound prescription for “Hanshi Yidu Xifei” syndrome was used to assess the reliability of the model for drug evaluation. Results Compared with normal mice, model mice showed the appearance and behaviors of cold-dampness syndrome, such as reduced food and water intake, loose stool and greasy hair (P<0.05 or P<0.01). An increased motilin level (P<0.01) and decreased gastrin level (P<0.01) were also found in model mice. Viral nucleic acids in lungs, an increased lung index (P<0.01), increased lung and bronchial histopathology scores (P<0.05 or P<0.01), reduced frequency of T and B lymphocytes (P<0.01), and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines (P< 0.01) were also observed, which were similar to the clinical features of coronavirus pneumonia. The prescription was effective to reverse the changes in these indicators (P< 0.05 or P<0. 01). Conclusions The disease-syndrome combination model of hCoV-229E pneumonia and “Hanshi Yidu Xifei” syndrome was established successfully and consistent with clinical manifestations. It provides a potential tool for drug screening to treat pneumonia presenting with this traditional Chinese medicine syndrome.

Abstract: Objective The plasma concentrations of 10 active components in Wuji Wan were measured at various time points after single and multiple oral administrations to compare its pharmacokinetic characteristics in normal rats and rats with chronic visceral hypersensitivity irritable bowel syndrome (CVH-IBS) in different courses. Methods The CVH- IBS rat model was established by the neonatal rat colon balloon stimulation method and visceral sensitivity was evaluated. After single or multiple intragastric administrations of Wuji Wan, blood was collected from the jugular vein at various time points. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-MS / MS was used to simultaneously measure the plasma concentrations of 10 active components of Wuji Wan in plasma and compare differences in pharmacokinetic parameters. Results Visceral sensitivity was enhanced in CVH-IBS rats. Compared with a single dose, the peak time (t_max) of multiple doses in normal and model rats was earlier. The difference between model and normal rats after a single dose verified the previous experimental results. Compared with normal rats, the active component C_max, AUC_0-t and Cl of Wuji Wan in model rats were changed significantly after multiple administrations. The C_max of berberine hydrochloride, coptisine hydrochloride and epiberberine was increased significantly, while that of palmatine hydrochloride, jatrorrhizine hydrochloride, dihydroberberine, evodiamine and evodia lactone was decreased significantly. Epiberberine C_max was decreased significantly. Coptisine hydrochloride and epiberberine AUC_0-t was increased significantly. Palmatine hydrochloride, dihydroberberine, jatrorrhizine hydrochloride, evodiamine and evodia lactone AUC_0-t was decreased significantly. Coptisine hydrochloride and evodia lactone Cl was increased significantly. Epiberberine Cl was reduced significantly. Palmatine hydrochloride and albiflorin t_{1/ 2} was reduced significantly. Jatrorrhizine hydrochloride V_d was increased significantly. By comparing multiple and single administrations in model rats, the C_max of active components coptidis berberine hydrochloride, jatrorrhizine hydrochloride, epiberberine and dihydroberberine was decreased significantly and the C_max of jatrorrhizine hydrochloride was decreased significantly. The t_{1/ 2} and Cl of paeoniflorin, the active component of Radix Paeoniae Alba, were significantly decreased and increased, respectively. Conclusions There are significant differences in the pharmacokinetic behaviors of the active components in Wuji Wan in normal, CVH-IBS and CVH-IBS rats at the late stage of treatment with Wuji Wan. This may be related to the disruption of the intestinal barrier in the early stage of IBS treatment, repair of the intestinal barrier in the late stage of treatment, accumulation of drugs in hepatic and enteric circulation, the activity of liver enzymes, and other metabolic changes.

Abstract: Objective To study the effect of Areca catechu L. on depression-like behavior in mice and its mechanism. Methods Behavioral despair and reserpine antagonism models were established. Male ICR mice were divided into Areca catechu L. low, medium and high dose groups ( 160, 320 and 640 mg / kg) and a positive control group (fluoxetine, 20 mg / kg). Administration was performed by continuous gavage for 14 days. The antidepressant activity of Areca catechu L. was evaluated by the behavioral test of open field test, tail suspension test and forced swimming test. The antidepressant effect of Areca catechu L. was also evaluated by the reserpine antagonism test to evaluate the effect of Areca catechu L. on monoaminergic nervous system functions and the change of oxidative stress level. The content of neurotransmitters in mice was determined by LC-MS / MS analysis. The anti-oxidative stress effect of Areca catechu L. was assessed by measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT). Results There were no significant differences in body weight between the groups. The open field text showed that Areca catechu L. had no effect on the locomotor activity of mice. The medium and high dose groups of Areca catechu L. had significantly reduced time in the tail suspension test (P<0.05), and the low and high dose groups of Areca catechu L. had significantly reduced immobility time of mice in the forced swimming test (P<0.05). In the reserpine antagonism test, compared with the model group, the low and high dose groups of Areca catechu L. had antagonized eyelid ptosis induced by reserpine (P<0.05), and the three doses significantly antagonized the decrease of body temperature induced by reserpine (P<0.01). Compared with reserpine antagonism model group, the 5-HT content in the brain tissue of mice in the Areca catechu L. high dose group (P<0.01), DA content in Areca catechu L. low and high dose groups (P<0.01), and the GABA level in the Areca catechu L. low- and medium-dose groups (P<0.05) were significantly increased and the 5-HIAA level in Areca catechu L. medium and high dose groups was decreased significantly (P<0.01). SOD and CAT levels were significantly increased (P<0.01, P< 0. 01) in the three dose groups of Areca catechu L.. MDA content was significantly decreased (P<0.01) in the medium and high dose groups of Areca catechu L.. Conclusions Areca catechu L. has good anti-depressant efficacy in stress despair and reserpine antagonistic drug models without affecting motor activity or body weight. Its anti-depressant mechanism of action may be related to enhancement of monoamine neurogenic system levels and anti-oxidative stress effects.

Abstract: Objective To compare the intervention effects of the Baixiangdan capsule ( BXD), the 5- hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor ( 5-HT3R)-specific agonist and its antagonist, and the cannabinoid receptor 1 ( CB1R)- specific agonist and its antagonist on premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) rats. Methods An animal model of PMDD anxiety was established using three compound factors: ovariectomy, hormone-induced estrous cycle and residential invasion. Follow-up experiments were carried out in two batches. The first batch of rats was divided into a blank group, a model group, a 5-HT3R agonist (1-phenylbiguanide, PBG) group, a CB1R agonist (WIN55212-2, WIN) group, a PBG+WIN group and a BXD group. The second batch of rats was divided into a blank group, a model group, a 5-HT3R antagonist (Granisetron, GRA) group, a CB1R antagonist (Rimonabant, RIM) group, a GRA+RIM group and a BXD group. After drug intervention, the anxiety-like behavior of rats in each group was evaluated using the open-field test ( OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM). Results Compared with the control group, the mixed aggressive behavior score of resident- intruder test (RIT) in the model group was significantly higher (P<0. 01), and the number of entries into the central area of the OFT and the percentage of staying in the EPM open arms were significantly lower (P<0. 05). Compared with the model group, the RIT mixed aggression scores of the PBG, RIM and BXD groups were significantly lower (P<0. 01), the number of entries and residence time in the central area of the OFT were significantly higher (P<0. 05), and the number of entries and residence time percentage of the EPM open arm were significantly higher (P<0. 05). Conclusions BXD, 5- HT3R agonist PBG and CB1R antagonist RIM can effectively correct the anxiety-like behavior of PMDD model rats.

Abstract: Objective To investigate differences in pharmacokinetics and accumulation of seven bioactive constituents, namely (+)-pinoresinol di-O-β-D-glucopyr-anoside (PDG), genipinic acid (GA), chlorogenic acid (CA), protocatechuic acid (PCA), neochlorogenic acid (NCA), cryptochlorogenic acid (CCA) and (+)-pinoresinol 4’-O-β-D- glucopyrano-side ( PG) in Eucommia ulmoides after multiple intragastric administrations between normal rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats ( SHRs). Methods Normal rats and SHRs received intragastric Eucommia ulmoides extract at a dose of 5.4 g / ( kg·d) for 7 consecutive days. Then, the pharmacokinetic parameters and tissue distribution were compared between normal rats and SHRs. Results Pharmacokinetic tests showed no obvious differences in all pharmacokinetic parameters of NCA and CCA between normal and model groups. The t_{1/ 2} value of PDG in SHRs was 0.26 times that of normal rats. In model group, the t_{1/ 2} , t_max and AUC_0-t of GA were 2.20, 0.04 and 0.50 times those of normal group, respectively. For model group, the t_{1/ 2} value of PG was 0.55 times that of normal group. Compared with normal rats, the t_{1/ 2} of PCA in SHRs was increased by 2.04 times. The t_{1/ 2} and AUC_0-t of CA in SHRs were 1.93 and 0.64 times of normal rats, respectively. Accumulation analysis showed that all representative active components were mainly distributed in the stomach, intestines, heart, liver and lungs. Except for CCA, the contents of the others in SHRs presented notable differences in tissues of two to seven compared with normal group. Conclusions The pharmacokinetics and accumulation of active anti-hypertensive components in Eucommia ulmoides extract after multiple administrations in rats were influenced remarkably by the pathological state of spontaneous hypertension. Moreover, it is important to learn about the pharmacokinetic characteristics of drugs for those who suffer from hypertension and need to take medicine persistently. This study provides a reference for clinical dosage adjustment of Eucommia ulmoides when used long-term.

Abstract: Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of Dendrobium nobile Lindl (DNL) in mice with 1-methyl-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods After establishment of the MPTP-induced subacute PD mouse model (30 mg MPTP / ( kg·day) i.p, 7 d), the effects of DNL on the motor dysfunction in PD mice were evaluated by gait analysis, the pole test, suspension test and open field test. The effects of DNL on the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 ( IL-6) and interleukin-1β ( IL-1β) in PD mice were determined by ELISA. The effects of DNL on the expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in PD mice were assessed by Western blot. Results Compared with the control group, gait indexes, such as the propulsion index and duty cycle, were significantly changed in the model group (P<0.05) compared with model group, whereas Madopar and DNL (100, 200 and 300 mg / kg) groups showed significant improvements (P<0.05, P<0.01 and P<0.001). In the pole test, compared with the control group, climbing in the top half of the pole time and total time of the model group were significantly increased (P<0.01 and P<0.001), but the time of turn around and the time of the lower half of the pole were not changed significantly (P>0.05). Compared with model group, the DNL (300 mg / kg) group showed improvement in the top half of the pole time (P<0.05), but Madopar and DNL ( 100 and 200 mg / kg) groups had no significant improvement (P>0.05). In the suspension test, compared with the control group, the suspension score of the model group was significantly decreased (P<0.05) compared with that of the model group and the suspension score of the DNL (300 mg / kg) group was increased (P<0.05), but there was no significant improvement in Madopar and DNL (100 and 200 mg / kg) groups (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, caspase-3 and caspase-9 were increased in the striatum of mice in the model group (P<0.05, P<0.001) compared with model group and those in the DNL (300 mg / kg) group were significantly lower (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in the content of cortex among the groups (P>0.05). Conclusions DNL significantly improved MPTP-induced behavioral changes in PD mice, reduced the inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis in brain tissue, and has a good potential for the development of PD drugs and functional food.

Abstract: Objective To explore the antidepressant mechanism of Shenwei Ningyu tablets on animal models induced by three drugs. Methods Three drug-induced animal models were established, following 1 week of drug administration. For the experiment aimed at strengthening the effect of monoamine, the animals in each group were injected with pargyline hydrochloride by intraperitoneal injection, followed by a tail vein injection of 5-hydroxytryptamine acid. The frequency of head-shaking within 25 min was observed. For the inhibition of norepinephrine ( NE) reabsorption test, mortality was counted in each group following subcutaneous injection of NE. In the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition test, tryptamine hydrochloride was injected into the tail vein of the animals in each administration group, and the “pedal” movement of each rat was observed. Results For the enhanced monoamine action test, the frequency of head-shaking in mice in each administration group was significantly higher than that in the model group. For the inhibition of NE reabsorption assay, compared with the model group, the mortality of mice in each administration group was significantly higher, and there was a significant difference between the low-dose and model groups (P<0.05). For the MAO inhibition test, obvious “pedaling” movements were observed in the model group, and the number of “ pedaling” movements after after animal modeling in each administration group was significantly higher than that in the model group; however, the difference was not significant. Conclusions The antidepressant effect of Shenwei Ningyu tablets may be related to its efficacy in enhancing NE nerve function and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT).

Abstract: Objective To study the effect of Tribulus terrestris and the Epimedium complex on sexual function and sperm viability. Methods 50 male rats were randomly divided into five groups. The right testis of all rats except for the normal control group were removed, and a test substance or water was administered intragastrically for 40 d. On the 30th day, the mating test was performed. On the 35th day, the erectile time of the male rats was measured. On the 40th day, the male rats were sacrificed, the testicles, preputial glands, seminal vesicles and prostate glands were weighed, serum testosterone level was measured, sperm count, motility rate and viability were evaluated. Results Low and high doses of Tribulus terrestris and the Epimedium complex improved the capture rate ejaculation rate and ejaculation counts of hemi- castrated male rats (P<0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the low dose group had significantly higher serum testosterone level and seminal vesicle and prostate gland coefficients (P< 0.05), and the high dose group had a higher sperm motility rate and forward motile sperm count ( P< 0.05) and lower dead sperm count ( P< 0.01). Conclusions Tribulus terrestris and the Epimedium complex promote the secretion of testosterone and improve the sexual function of rats.

Abstract: Objective To investigate the anti-osteosarcoma effect and mechanism of shikonin ( SK). Methods After various concentrations of SK were applied to human U2OS and MG63 osteosarcoma cells and human osteoblastic cell line HFOB1.19 for 24 h or SK 1 μmol / L for 24, 48 and 72 h, CCK-8 was used to assay cell viability. U2OS cells were treated with SK at 0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μmol / L and then colony formation assays were employed to assess cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis. Western blot was performed to determine the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. U2OS cells were divided into control, SK1 μmol / L, PI3K activator insulin-like growth factor-1 ( IGF-1), and SK1 μmol / L+IGF-1 groups. Western blot was used to detect phosphorylation levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT), and expression of caspase-3 (cas3), cleaved cas3, Ki67 and stem cell markers SOX-2, OCT-4 and Nanog. Cell spheroid assay was used to detect the ability of cells to form spheres. U2OS cells were injected subcutaneously into the right abdomen to establish a nude mouse model of tumors and verified in vivo. Results The various concentrations of SK had no obvious toxic effects on HFOB1.19 cells, but had significant toxic effects on U2OS and MG63 cells (P<0.05) in concentration- and time-dependent manners. SK at 0.1 and 1 μmol / L significantly inhibited U2OS cell proliferation and stem cell-like characteristics, induced apoptosis (P<0.05), and inhibited phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT proteins (P<0.05). IGF-1 obviously reversed the inhibitory effect of SK on the PI3K/ AKT signaling pathway and its effect on U2OS cell proliferation, apoptosis, and stem cell-like characteristics (P<0.05). In vivo experiments showed that SK significantly inhibited tumor growth (P< 0.05) and downregulated expression of p-AKT in tumor tissues (P<0.05). Conclusions The inhibitory effect of SK on the growth and stem cell-like characteristics of U2OS osteosarcoma cells may be related to inhibition of PI3K/ AKT signaling pathway activation.

Abstract: Objective To analyze the protective effect of amygdalin against necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonatal rats. Methods 60 healthy 7-day old SD rats were divided into control, model and low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose amygdalin groups, and salazosulfadimidine group by a random number table with 10 rats in each group. Except for the control group, hypoxic cold stress combined with formula milk for invasive feeding was applied to establish NEC models in the other groups. The low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose amygdalin groups were administered with 20, 40 and 80 mg / kg amygdalin, respectively, whereas the salazosulfadimidine group was administered with 300 mg / kg salazosulfadimidine for 5 days. At 12 h after the last treatment, changes in weight were recorded. HE staining of ileocecal tissues was conducted. Ileocecal tissue damage was scored by intestinal damage criteria. The apoptosis rate was determined by TUNEL staining. The serum levels of inflammatory factors ( tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 ( IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The expression levels of NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and cysteine aspartase (Caspase-1) were measured by Western blot. Results Compared with the control group, the weight of rats was significantly decreased in the model group, while the intestinal damage score, apoptosis rate of intestinal tissues, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, SOD, MDA and GSH-Px levels, and expression levels of NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 were increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the weight of rats was significantly increased in middle-dose and high-dose amygdalin groups, and the salazosulfadimidine group, while the intestinal damage score, apoptosis rate of intestinal tissues, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, SOD, MDA and GSH-Px levels, and expression levels of NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 were decreased significantly (P< 0. 05). Conclusions Amygdalin has a protective effect against NEC in neonatal rats, which effectively reduces intestinal tissue damage, relieves the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, and reduces the apoptosis rate in intestinal tissues. However, the specific mechanism is unclear, which requires further clinical exploration.

Abstract: Objective To observe whether Tongxinluo treatment delays progression of calcified aortic valve disease in the early stage. Methods One week after modeling, the mice were randomly divided into five groups: sham operation, model, Tongxinluo high-dose, Tongxinluo medium-dose and Tongxinluo low-dose groups. Changes in aortic valve peak velocity were assessed by Doppler ultrasound after Tongxinluo treatment for 6 weeks. The activity of serum myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the concentration of total cholesterol (TC) were measured. Pathological changes and calcium deposition were observed in the aortic valve. Infiltration of macrophages and differentiation of valve stromal cells into myofibroblasts and osteoblasts were examined by immunohistochemical staining. Results After 6 weeks of treatment, compared with the model group, Tongxinluo significantly reduced the peak flow velocity of the aortic valve (P<0.05), the serum level of total cholesterol, and the activity of serum MPO (P< 0.01). Compared with the Tongxinluo intervention group, the leaflet thickness of the aortic valve was significantly increased in the model group ( P< 0.05) and showed calcium salt deposition. Immunohistochemistry showed that, compared with the model group, macrophage recruitment was decreased, expression of α-SMA and OPN-positive cells were decreased in the Tongxinluo intervention group. Conclusions In the early stage of calcified aortic valve disease, Tongxinluo reduces oxidative stress by reducing the concentrations of serum TC, inhibiting infiltration of inflammatory macrophages, reducing MPO activity, and then affects the differentiation of valve stromal cells into myofibroblasts and osteoblasts to delay the progression of valvular calcification.

Abstract:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by infection with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2,which has spread worldwide. Although pneumonia is the primary symptom of COVID-19, nearly 20% of patients and almost all severe and critical patients have an abnormal coagulation function. Coagulation dysfunction and thrombosis have emerged as major causes of death in COVID-19 patients. A detailed understanding of the relationship between COVID-19 and coagulation dysfunction deserves urgent exploration for clinical treatment and basic research. In this article, the mechanism of coagulation dysfunction in COVID-19 were reviewed on the basis of molecular mechanistic pathways and the theory of blood stasis in traditional Chinese medicine to provide scientific evidence for the application of traditional Chinese medicine and a reference for future studies of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy.

Abstract:动物与人类健康息息相关,中兽药在健康养殖、动物性食品安全中扮演重要的角色,我国应用中兽药防病治病、提高机体免疫力有数千年的历史,近年来随着标准化、规模化健康养殖发展和动物性食品安全的需要,需要在传统应用经验的基础上结合现代养殖需要研发创新中兽药,更好的服务动物健康、保障人类健康。 在现代中兽药的研究过程中,实验动物模型在开发新型中兽药和有效性、安全性以及作用机理等方面有着巨大的贡献,现已被广泛的应用于研究中兽药的相关研究中,基于这样的一个背景下,本文围绕中兽药创新研发的实验动物应用研究进展展开综述。

Abstract:With the deepening of research on the modernization of Chinese medicine, disease animal model are widely used to study the basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine, treatment evaluation and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine efficacy. This article comprehensive review the research and development status of disease animal models of traditional Chinese medicine, concluded the research ideas and method for the establishment and evaluation of disease animal models of traditional Chinese medicine and discusses the existing problems. The future development directions in this field are pointed out and may provide reference for further research.

Abstract:Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with high mortality and morbidity and causes great harm to human health. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has extensive clinical experience in the prevention and treatment of malignant tumor, and it also shows clear advantages in the treatment of lung cancer. Experimental animal models are an essential part of the lung cancer research field. The construction of the animal model of disease and syndrome combination with TCM characteristics is based on the the theory of syndrome differentiation and treatment in TCM, and the TCM symptoms are included in the evaluation criteria, so that the animal model conforms to the characteristics of western medicine disease and has the characteristics of TCM symptoms. This review summarizes the method and characteristics of commonly used lung cancer animal models and disease syndrome combination models to provide a reference for researchers engaged in lung cancer experimental research.

Abstract:Insomnia is a common neuropsychiatric disease with increasing incidence in recent years. Tianwang Buxin Dan (TWBXD) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription to invigorate the heart and calm nerves for the treatment of insomnia, which is widely used in clinical practice. Investigation of the pharmacological effects and action mechanism of TWBXD is based on the establishment of proper animal models. This article summarizes relevant literature in the past 10 years with a focus on multiple insomnia animal models ( platform over water, parachlorophenylalanine, light rhythm disturbance, and TCM syndrome) and their strengths and weaknesses, methodology, and evaluation properties. The sleep-improving effects of TWBXD and its signal herbs are associated with TCM syndrome to establish animal models that fit the characteristics of TCM syndrome and provide a reference for the clinical application of TWBXD.

Abstract:Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the result of a combination of genetic, environmental and immune factors. Although the disease is classified as a refractory disease in modern medicine, it has significant advantages in treating IBD on the basis of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation. Therefore, it is very important to explore appropriate animal models to study the effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of IBD. The chemically induced IBD model is the most commonly used to study the pathogenesis of IBD. This article summarizes the recent research progress of this type of model in Chinese medicine and discusses the characteristics of the model, pathological mechanism, research ideas and applications to facilitate the design of basic research of IBD.

Abstract:Animal models are widely used in all kinds of modern medical experimental research because of their importance in scientific research and industrial development. The use of animal models in modern medical experiments can effectively help us to understand the occurrence and development law of diseases and explore disease prevention and control measures. By screening the relevant literature on animal model evaluation and analysis from 2010 to 2021, this article summarizes the common animal model evaluation and analysis methods, and discusses the characteristics of various model evaluation and analysis methods. To promote the standardization of animal model evaluation methods, and gradually establish a set of model evaluation method in line with traditional Chinese medicine theory and modern scientific concepts to promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine.

Abstract:The history of animal model development for traditional Chinese medicine has progressed from directly using animal models of disease from western medicine to animal models of syndrome types of traditional Chinese medicine, as well as animal models on the basis of the characteristics of clinical symptoms of traditional Chinese and western medicine. Based on the systematic summary of animal model of Chinese medicine in the literature, this article analyzes the establishment, evaluation and application of animal models, and discusses the existing problems and shortcomings to promote the improvement and development of Chinese medicine animal models.

Abstract:Atherosclerosis is the common pathogenesis of many acute and chronic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, which are affected by a wide range of people. In recent years, Chinese medicine has played an important role in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, and in-depth exploration of the pharmacological mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of atherosclerosis is beneficial to guide clinical drug use and new drug development. Therefore, it is urgent to establish accurate animal model of atherosclerosis combining disease and syndrome. This paper reviews the research progress of animal models of atherosclerosis combining disease and syndrome to provide basis for animal models of traditional Chinese medicine experimental research.