Abstract:Objective 　To explore the effects of transmembrane protein 72(Tmem72)on the proliferation and differentiation of mouse neural stem cells in vitro. Methods 　The protein expression levels of Tmem72 in different age groups and brain tissues of wild mice were determined by Western blot. A Tmem72 knockdown plasmid was transiently transfected into N2a cells, and proliferation changes after knockdown were identified by CCK8, RT-qPCR, and Western blot. Proliferation and apoptosis changes were also examined with flow cytometry. Mouse neural stem cells were infected with a packaged lentivirus. The knockdown efficiency and changes to proliferation and differentiation marker expression were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Finally, differentially expressed genes and gene-enriched signaling pathways were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. Results 　Tmem72 was expressed in different age groups and the whole brain. Compared with the control group, the expression of Tmem72 in N2a cells and neural stem cells in the Tmem72 knockdown group was significantly down-regulated (P< 0. 05). After Tmem72 knockdown, the proliferation ability and activity of N2a cells were significantly increased(P<0. 05), whereas their apoptosis activity was significantly decreased (P<0. 01). The proliferation ability of neural stem cells did not change significantly after Tmem72 knockdown, but differentiation towards astrocytes and immature neurons was promoted (P< 0. 05). Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed differential gene enrichment in transsynaptic signaling conditions, regulation of glial cell differentiation, PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways, and ECM-receptor interactions. 　Tmem72 knockdown promoted the proliferation and inhibited the apoptosis of N2a cells. Tmem72 knockdown promoted the differentiation of neural stem cells into astrocytes and immature neurons, suggesting that Tmem72 is closely related to neural development.

Abstract:Objective 　To compare the differences in airway immune inflammation between two sensitizationpathway-induced allergic airway inflammation mouse models and to provide a reference for the study of allergic asthma murine models. Methods 　Murine models of allergic airway inflammation were established by intraperitoneal or epicutaneous sensitization with ovalbumin. Total IgE and OVA-specific IgE levels in mouse serum were analyzed by ELISA. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells were stained with Wright-Giemsa stain to assess eosinophilic airway inflammation. Hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid-Schiff staining were performed on lung tissue to assess histopathological changes, and lung immune cells were subjected to mRNA sequencing and data analysis. Results 　Both intraperitoneal and epicutaneous sensitization-induced allergic airway inflammation mouse models exhibited inflammatory responses, with eosinophil infiltration of lung tissue, bronchial epithelial club cell hyperplasia, and upregulation of Th2-Type cytokine expression. However, systemic immunity was stronger in the intraperitoneal sensitization model, and local immunity was stronger in the epicutaneous sensitization model. Asthma-related pathways, such as the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, were upregulated in both models, whereas the Hippo pathway was downregulated only in the epicutaneous sensitization model. The epicutaneous sensitization model was more closely associated with the increase of metalloproteinases, mast cells, and basophils. Conclusions 　The different pathways of allergen intraperitoneal and epicutaneous sensitization induce different immunological phenotypes and molecular mechanisms of airway inflammation in mouse models of allergic airway inflammation.

Abstract: 目的 　探讨益肺灸及其联合调补肺肾三方对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)稳定期大鼠气道黏蛋白5AC(mucin 5AC,MUC5AC)和黏蛋白5B(mucin 5B,MUC5B)水平的影响,阐明益肺灸作用机制和灸药联合是否具备治疗优势。 方法 　采用香烟烟雾暴露联合肺炎克雷伯杆菌感染法建立COPD 稳定期大鼠模型。第9~20 周,空白组和模型(COPD)组给予生理盐水(每只2 mL/ d)、氨茶碱组给予氨茶碱(27 mg/ (kg·d))、补肺健脾组和益肺灸+补肺健脾组给予补肺健脾方(12. 42 g/ (kg·d))、补肺益肾组和益肺灸+补肺益肾组给予补肺益肾方(11. 61 g/ (kg·d))、益气滋肾组和益肺灸+益气滋肾组给予益气滋肾方(12. 42 g/ (kg·d))灌胃,益肺灸组及灸药联合组每周益肺灸灸2 次,每次10~15 min。检测大鼠肺功能、肺组织病理、以及支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)和气道中MUC5AC、MUC5B 蛋白表达。 结果 　COPD 组大鼠较空白组Penh 水平显著升高(P=0. 007),支气管管壁增厚,管腔狭窄,小气道和BALF 中MUC5AC 蛋白表达均显著升高(P<0. 001,P= 0. 005),MUC5B 有升高趋势(P>0. 05)。各治疗干预均显著降低COPD 大鼠Penh 以及BALF 和气道MUC5AC 水平(P<0. 05),益肺灸、调补肺肾三方和益肺灸+益气滋肾方有降低COPD 大鼠MUC5B 的趋势(P>0. 05)。灸药联合在降低Penh、MUC5AC 或MUC5B 气道表达、分泌方面有不同程度上的优于灸、药单独应用的趋势。 结论 　益肺灸、调补肺肾三方及其联合均可改善COPD 大鼠气道通气功能和黏蛋白高表达、分泌,其中,灸药联合可能是更有效策略。

Abstract:Objective 　To observe the effects of high-altitude hypoxia exposure for 4 weeks on neuroethology in mice. Methods 　C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into two groups: control group and hypobaric hypoxia group. Mice in the hypobaric hypoxia group were put in a hypobaric hypoxia chamber that simulated an altitude of 6000 m for 4 weeks of exposure. Body weight was measured once a week. An open field test, tail-suspension test, and elevated plus maze test were used to detect changes to the emotional behaviors of mice. A weight-bearing swimming test and rotarod test were used to detect changes in the physical fitness of the mice. A new object recognition test, Y maze test, and Morris water maze test were used to detect changes to cognition, learning, and memory. Results 　Compared with the weights of the control group, the weight of mice exposed to hypoxia decreased significantly in the first week(P<0. 001). The open field test showed that hypoxia exposure had no effect on the spontaneous activities of mice, and the tail-suspension and elevated plus maze tests showed that there was no obvious negative emotion in hypoxia-exposed mice. The weight-bearing swimming test showed that the exhaustion latency of mice was shortened after hypoxia (P< 0. 01), but there was no explore new things and new environments decreased, and the recognition index decreased after hypoxia (P< 0. 05). Working memory decreased significantly in the Y maze test after hypoxia (P<0. 05), and there was no difference in spatial learning or memory between the two groups. Conclusions 　Four weeks of exposure to simulated high-altitude hypoxia affected many neuroethological indexes in the mice, among which exhaustion latency in the exhaustion swimming test, the cognitive index in the new object recognition test, and the percentage entering the new open arm in the Y maze test were the most sensitive indexes.

Abstract:Objective 　To conduct standardized identification of a strain of Rodentibacter pneumotropicus isolated from the respiratory tract of mice in Jiangxi Province according to the identification and collection procedures for laboratory animals and zoonosis preservation at the Center of Bacteria and Virus Species Preservation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Pathogenic Microorganism Resource Bank, and the requirements of national standard strain identification. Methods 　According to the requirements of GB14922. 1 and GB14926. 12, routine health-monitoring animals were examined and pathogen strains were isolated. The samples were transported to the National Bacterial and Viral Species Preservation Center at low temperatures for further classification and identification of pathogenic microorganisms by means of colony, cell characteristics, physiological and biochemical characteristics, phylogenetic analysis of 16S Rrna steward gene, and genome sequence analysis. Whole-genome sequencing result were compared and analyzed, and the pathogenicity was evaluated by artificial infection of mice. Results 　According to GB14926. 2, one strain of R. pneumophilus was isolated from a batch of mice from Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, and the animals had no other obvious abnormalities. The isolated strain was similar to NCTC 8141 (R. pneumotropicus) colony, cell, and physiological and biochemical characteristics. The strainhad 98. 37% homology with the NCTC 8141 16S rRNA gene sequenceand formed a branch with R. pneumotropicus NCTC 8141 in the phylogenetic tree, with 96% self-promotion data value. On genome sequence analysis, the ANI and dDDH values between the isolated and R. pneumotropicus type strain NCTC 8141 were 97. 97% and 80. 3%, respectively, higher than the international standard classification limits of 95% and 70%. The clinical symptoms and pathological changes to the lung tissue were similar to those of the type strain NCTC 8141 infected with ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mice via nasal drops. Conclusions 　The isolate was named R. pneumotropicus Jiangxi strain by the National Laboratory Animal and Zoonosis Preservation sub-center, and the strain was stored in a standardized way and numbered CCPM-B-B-006-2209-2.

Abstract:Objective 　To construct a stable and highly feasible rat with hindlimb venous ulcer model, test its physiological and pathological indicators, and provide a standardized animal model for the study of venous leg ulcers. Methods 　Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups. Fifteen rats in the model group (in which the left common iliac vein was isolated and ligated, and the partial full-thickness of the skin was cut off); 15 in the control group (the left common iliac vein was isolated, and the partial full-thickness of the skin was cut off); and 10 rats in the blank group (no treatment) were observed for 10 days, during which the model rate, general state, venous color Doppler ultrasound images, and changes to the wound surfaces were observed. After 10 days, HE staining was used to observe morphological changes to wound tissue cells. Expression levels of vascular P-selectin and ICAM-1 were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the levels of plasma IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA. Results 　(1) Compared with ultrasonography. (2) Compared with the control group, the model group’s wound area was larger (P<0. 05) and the healing rate was lower (P<0. 05). (3) HE staining showed inflammatory cell infiltration in the wound tissue of both the model group and the control group, and the degree of inflammation was more obvious in the model group than the blank group. (4) Immunohistochemistry showed that, compared with the control and blank groups, the model group had significantly up-regulated expression levels of vascular P-selectin and ICAM-1 (P<0. 05). (5) ELISA result showed that, compared with the control and blank groups, the model group’s levels of plasma IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly upregulated (P<0. 05). Conclusions 　A rat model of hindlimb venous ulcer can be successfully constructed by ligating the left common iliac vein combined with partial full-thickness skin excision.

Abstract:Objective 　To establish an animal model of infecting Syrian golden hamsters with CVB1(Coxsackievirus B1, CVB1). Methods 　Syrian golden hamsters were infected with CVB1 by intranasal instillation at a dose of 107. 25 CCID50, and were observed clinically for 14 days during which throat swabs, nasal lavage fluid and feces were collected and tested daily for viral load. On the 7th day of infection, 3 hamsters were euthanized, and blood samples were collected for viral load and biochemical detection. At the same time, tissue samples were collected for viral load, histopathology and IHC detection. Results 　The animals infected with CVB1 virus showed varying degrees of listlessness, decreased body temperature, and typical red rash and herpes on the mouth within 14 days, similar to the clinical manifestations of human HFMD. Viruses could be detected in throat swabs, nasal lavage fluid, stool, and blood; viral load was detected and viral antigen was observed in the tissues, accompanied by pathological changes such as inflammation, hyperplasia and hemorrhage; liver functional and myocardial enzymes in serum increased. Conclusions 　The model of infecting Syrian golden hamsters with CVB1 virus by nasal drip showed pathological damages of tissues and organs such as myocardium and liver, which indicates that the model can be used for the study of human hand-foot-mouth disease.

Abstract:Objective 　In vitro isolation and culture of epidermal stem cells (ESCs) and transplantation of ESCs into skin injury model mice to explore their effect on skin wound healing. Methods 　Circumcised skin tissue was taken, and ESCs were separated and cultured by adherent type IV collagen; 3T3 cells were used as the feeder layer to sort ESCs. A mouse skin injury model was established by dorsal trauma method , and mice were randomly divided into a normal control group, model group, and spot injection cell group. The wound healing rates were recorded on days 0, 3, 7, 11, and 15 of treatment. On the 16th day of treatment, we determined the contents of SOD, GSH, GSH-Px, and MDA in the tissues. ELISA was used to determine IL-10, TGF-β, and TNF-α levels in the serum. HE staining was used to observe histopathological changes in the skin wounds. Results 　On the 7th and 11th days of treatment, the wound area in the spot injection cell group group was smaller than that in the model group (P<0. 05), and the spot injection cell group’s wounds were almost healed on the 15th day (98. 08% ± 1. 77%). Compared with the model group, the spot injection cell group’s contents of SOD, GSH, GSH-Px were significantly increased (P<0. 01), and MDA was significantly reduced (P<0. 01); the ELISA result showed that the serum contents of IL-10 and TGF-β were increased (P<0. 05) and TNF-α content had declined in the spot injection cell group (P<0. 05). The result of HE staining showed that, compared with model group, the spot injection cell group had reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells and more hair follicles and collagen. Conclusions ESCs can accelerate wound epithelialization and effectively promote wound healing.

Abstract:Objective 　Virus culture, histology, immunology, and PCR have certain shortcomings in the detection of minute virus of mice (MVM), which cannot meet the current needs. Exploring a new method for Rapid and reliable detection of MVM is a major problem that needs to be solved. Methods 　On the basis of the MVM sequence published by GenBank, we designed primers and probes for Real-time recombinase-aid nucleic acid amplification (RAA) of the NS1 gene, a highly conserved sequence region of MVM, and established a real-time RAA detection method of MVM. We analyzed its specificity, sensitivity, storage stability, and clinical sample validation in comparison with qPCR. Results The sensitivity was 10 copies/ μL, and there was no cross-reactivity with Reo-3, MHV-1, MHV-3, MHV-A59, or MHVJHM viruses. There was no significant deterioration in amplification performance of the RAA stored at room temperature for 20 days. Additionally, the Real-time RAA method was compared with qPCR in 15 positive simulative samples, and the compliance rate was 15/15. Statistical analysis of the correlation between the two method revealed a correlation coefficient of R² =0. 85, which indicates that the two method were significantly correlated. Conclusions 　The MVM real-time RAA method in this study quickly and effectively detects MVM virus, which also has the advantages of simple operation, strong specificity, and high sensitivity.

Abstract:Objective 　To investigate the effect of the Xingpi Yanger granules on bladder urodynamics and bladder external sphincter activity in normal rats. Methods 　Sixty healthy animals were divided into five groups: a control group; Xingpi Yanger granule 9. 2, 4. 6, and 2. 3 g/ kg groups; and oxybutynin group, with 12 rats in each group. Experimental groups were given the drug by gavage for 7 consecutive days, and the control group was given equal volumes of pure water in the same way. After the last administration, we measured intravesical pressure and external urethral sphincter electromyography under light anesthesia and deep anesthesia when the rats were urinating. Rats’ bladder pathomorphology was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results 　Xingpi Yanger granules obviously decreased rat basal bladder pressure ( BBP) under light and deep anesthesia. The high-dose group, especially, showed significantly improved maximum bladder capacity, peak number of P2 phase, and bladder compliance under light anesthesia. There were no significant differences in the structural changes to the bladder in any group. Conclusions 　Xingpi Yanger granules significantly reduced BBP, increased the maximum bladder capacity and bladder compliance, and vigorously promoted bladder urination. The mechanisms may be related to the relaxation of bladder smooth muscle and improvements in bladder functional status.

Abstract: 目的 　介绍一种安全实用的适用于医学实验仔猪手术的气管插管和麻醉方法。 方法 　20 头健康长白仔猪,麻醉前给药使用阿托品和咪达唑仑,自制仔猪面罩吸氧后给予氯胺酮及丙泊酚诱导。使用自制开口器配合可视喉镜,通过保留自主呼吸的气管插管技术顺利插管,丙泊酚、芬太尼、罗库溴铵维持麻醉。通过耳缘、大腿等建立动、静脉通道,进行麻醉与监测。麻醉稳定后,监测各项生理指标。术中密切监测,术后良好护理,避免并发症发生。 结果 　仔猪插管稳定后,心率每分钟(111. 15±6. 6)次、呼吸频率每分钟18 次、血氧饱和度(尾巴)(98. 6±1. 09)%、额温(39. 16±0. 76)℃、股动脉血压(106. 3±7. 63) / (70±6. 94) mmHg、中心静脉压(颈内静脉) (8. 15±1. 94)cmH2O、呼吸末二氧化碳分压(35. 5±3. 79)mmHg、呼吸峰压(19. 6±2. 41)cmH2O、临床虚弱时间(19. 4±2. 6)s、直接喉镜观察时间(65. 2±5. 7)s。麻醉时间约2 h。气管及血管插管均成功,术中麻醉平稳,无死亡仔猪,术后无严重麻醉相关并发症。 结论 　应用本文介绍的麻醉和插管技术可安全实施仔猪腹部手术的全身麻醉。麻醉过程中各项生命体征稳定,可行多种插管和监测,麻醉安全性高。良好的术后监测和护理可避免相关并发症。

Abstract:Objective 　To study the expression characteristics of intestinal exosomes carrying miR-146a in rats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) micro-inflammation. Methods 　Sixteen healthy SPF-grade Wistar male rats were randomly divided into two groups: the normol group and the model group. An adenine-induced CKD rat model was used. After 3 days of adaptive feeding, rats were gavaged with a gastric adenine shock dose of 220 mg/ (kg·d) for 4 weeks and a maintenance dose of 100 mg/ kg for 3 weeks for a total of 7 weeks. At the end of the experiment, after anesthesia, blood was taken from the mid-abdominal artery of the rats. Serum and anticoagulant plasma with EDTA are left behind. For the determination of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) in serum, By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we determined levels of serum interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor. Histopathological observation of kidney sections was performed, including an examination of kidney histomorphology by hematoxylin and eosin staining and kidney fibrosis by Masson staining. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the intestinal tissue ultrastructure and exosome secretion. Plasma exosomes were extracted from intestinal tissues via a reagent kit method and ultra-high speed centrifugation. Negative-stain electron microscopy was used in the identification of exosome morphology, and the NTA technique was used to determine exosome particle size. Western blot assays were employed to examine exosome surface biomarkers. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression level of miR-146a in plasma exosomes. Western blot was used to determine the presence of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inflammatory signaling pathway proteins in the intestinal tissues. Results 　A CKD rat model was formed after 7 weeks of adenine gavage, and the model was characterized by a significant increase in serum BUN and Cr levels compared with the control group (P<0. 01). Serum and ileal tissue levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly higher in the model group than the control group (P<0. 01). Pathology of the model group revealed atrophied and expanded renal tubules, cystic lesions, and many brown crystals found in the renal cortex glomerulosclerosis, glomerular atrophy, Bowman’s cystic cavity dilatation. Clearly there is a reduction in the number of Bowman’s capsules and a difference in the size of the capsule cavity. The model grouped showed obvious interstitial fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration. Exosomes of 155 nm were found in the plasma and intestinal tissues of rats in the model group, and transmission electron microscopy revealed that a large number of exosomes were released from the intestinal tissues. The number of plasma exosomes carrying miR-146a in the model group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0. 01), whereas the number of intestinal exosomes carrying miR-146a was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0. 01). Conclusions Adenine causes chronic renal failure with impaired kidney function and morphological pathological changes with systemic microinflammation in rats. Exosomes are secreted and released from the intestinal tissues of CKD rats, Resulting in the increased activation of plasma exosomes carrying miR-146a.

Abstract:Objective 　To investigate changes to the expression of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) during the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells and to explore whether the NOX4 inhibitor GKT137831 can reduce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as inhibit the STAT3 signaling pathway and the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells. Methods 　Rat hepatic stellate cells-T6 (HSCs-T6) were divided into four groups: control group, TGF-β1 group, TGF-β1+GKT137831 group, and GKT137831 group. The ROS levels in HSC-T6 cells were detected by DCFH-DA fluorescent probe method . The CCK-8 method was used to detect cell proliferation, and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of NOX4 and STAT3 mRNA. The expression of NOX4, STAT3, p-STAT3, and α-SMA proteins was detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. Results 　Compared with the control group, HSC-T6 cells in the TGF-β1 group’s expression of NOX4 mRNA and protein were up-regulated, and intracellular ROS levels, expression of p-STAT3 protein, and the cells’ activation and proliferation ability increased (P< 0. 05). After addition of GKT137831, NOX4 mRNA and protein expressions were down-regulated in HSC-T6 cells, and intracellular ROS levels, STAT3 protein phosphorylation, and the cells’ activation and proliferation ability were decreased (P<0. 05). Conclusions 　NOX4 may promote the phosphorylation of STAT3 by producing ROS, leading to the activation and proliferation of HSC-T6 cells. By inhibiting NOX4, GKT137831 reduces ROS production and inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation, thereby inhibiting HSC-T6 cell activation and proliferation.

Abstract:Objective 　To investigate the effect of microRNA-141 (miR-141) gene interference targeting the protein tyrosine phosphatase gene (PTEN) on the osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs). Methods 　miR-141 mimics, an miR-141 inhibitor, miR-141 mimics-NC, and an miR-141 inhibitor-NC plasmids were constructed and transfected into mouse BMSCs to form an over expression group, silent group, over expression control group, and silent control group, respectively. Mouse BMSCs in routine culture were used as a blank control group. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining were used to detect the bone differentiation ability of each component. The expression of miR-141 and PTEN pathway-related genes and proteins was detected in each group to verify whether miR-141 can target PTEN. Results 　Compared with the blank control and over expression control groups, the over expression group had lower expression of ALP, AKT, and GSK3β mRNA and protein; Runx2, Osterix protein, p-AKT and p-GSK3β; and significantly decreased size, number and density of calcified nodules but higher expression of miR-141 mRNA and PTEN mRNA and protein. Compared with the blank control and silent control groups, the silent group had higher expression of ALP, AKT, and GSK3β mRNA and protein; Runx2, Osterix protein, p-AKT, and p-GSK3β; and significantly increased calcified nodules but lower expression of miR-141 mRNA and PTEN mRNA and protein. The luciferase activity experiment verified that miR-141 could target and regulate PTEN. Conclusions 　miR-141 overexpression activated the PTEN signaling pathway and inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of mouse BMSCs, while miR-141 gene silencing downregulated PTEN and upregulated AKT and GSK3β expression, increased p-AKT and p-GSK3β, promoted the expression of osteogenic marker protein, and promoted the osteogenic differentiation of mouse BMSCs.

Abstract:Objective 　To develop a blood collection method for rats that is easy to perform and can be used for repeated, high-volume blood collection, and a method of positioning blood collection points. Methods 　The optimal entry point was determined by the body surface characteristics of rats, and blood was collected using a syringe needle to pierce the submaxillary venous plexus and then slowly draw blood. Results 　When rats were not anesthetized, a single operator completed the blood collection operation in 77. 46 s on average, and the average blood collection volume was 0. 53 mL. Two operators completed the blood collection in 56. 28 s on average, and the average blood collection volume is 0. 59 mL. Under anesthesia, blood collection by a single operator required 28. 67 s on average, and the average blood collection volume was 0. 56 mL. Conclusions 　The success rate of submandibular plexus blood collection is high, trauma to the animal is minimal, the operation is simple, and the blood collection volume is large, which can be used as the preferred choice for multiple blood collections from large numbers of live animals in pharmacological and toxicological experiments.

Abstract:Objective 　This study explored the theoretical framework to develop an indicator system of quality evaluation for welfare ethical review of laboratory animals to improve the quality of welfare ethical review of laboratory animals in China. Methods 　We performed a literature review to initially develop the indicator system and then used a questionnaire survey to refine the indicator system. Next, we used expert demonstration to evaluate the indicator system. Results 　The indicator system of quality evaluation for welfare ethical review of laboratory animal was developed, including five indicators, 20 indicator contents, and scoring of the indicator contents. This indicator system was considered scientific, systematic, and operable, and had important application and promotion value after expert evaluation. Conclusions 　The indicator system of quality evaluation for welfare ethical review of laboratory animals in this study provides a reference for the welfare ethical management of laboratory animals in China.

Abstract:Taiyin Tiaowei-Tang is recorded in Dongeui suse bowon, which states that Taiyin Tiaowei-Tang was widely used by Taiyin people for jaundice, typhoid fever, headache, body pain, and an absence of sweating. In recent years, the pharmacological effects of Taiyin Tiaowei-Tang have been systematically studied, including its therapeutic effects on heart cerebrovascular disease, fatty liver, obesity, gastritis, and cancer. Not only does Taiyin Tiaowei-Tang have few side effects, good efficacity, and high safety but also certain therapeutic effects on diseases in multi-prescription and multitargeting strategies, and Taiyin Tiaowei-Tang is closely related to, inter alia, local climate and human geography. Taiyin Tiaowei-Tang is a popular resource used in Chinese medicine research in China. By compiling evidence from Chinese Korean medicine research and modern medicine theory, this paper reviews the pharmacological actions of Taiyin Tiaowei-Tang on various types of diseases, compares the modern pharmacological actions of its components, and summarizes the underlaying mechanisms to provide a reference for clinical and scientific research.

Abstract:With the in-depth study of animal welfare,as an important part of 3R optimization principle,research on humane intervention points in animal experiments has gradually attracted international attention. Choosing the right humane intervention points and interventions is the key to safeguard animal welfare. Humane intervention points refers to the time when animals should be intervened during animal experiments. Humane endpoint is a type of humane intervention points, and euthanasia is an implementation method of humane intervention points. At present, a number of standards and regulations on animal welfare have been issued in our country, but few on humane intervention points. This paper will review the guides and literature reports on humane intervention points of animal experiment, and provide helpful references on animal welfare for animal experiment researchers.

Abstract:Insomnia is very common in modern society, affecting approximately one third of the general population. Developing safe and effective sedative-hypnotic medication is a basic need for people’s health and an attractive goal for pharmaceutical companies. Although many research Methods are available, animal experiments are still used regularly to discover, verify, and evaluate sedative-hypnotic drugs that include open field test, pentobarbital subthreshold/threshold dose-induced righting reflex test, insomnia animal model, and electroencephalogram (EEG). Among these, the open field test is used to evaluate the sedative effect of drugs through observations of autonomic activities. The sleep indexes generated in the pentobarbital-induced righting reflex, such as sleep latency and sleep time, are used to preliminarily reveal the hypnotic effects. Some kinds of stress paradigms or medications could induce insomnia for a period of time, and thus they are used to estimate the effect of drugs on improving insomnia. EEG, which is the gold standard, can reflect the adjustment effect of drugs on sleep structure and further screen the test drug’ s ability to restore physiological sleep. Therefore, this paper reviews commonly used screening method to provide references for the research and development of sedative-hypnotic drugs.

Abstract:At present, malignant tumors are one of the most important diseases that threaten human health, and related disability and fatality rates are increasing yearly. Protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3), an important member of the PDI family, is a type of mercaptan oxidoreductase with a wide range of functions. Its increased expression in a variety of tumors is closely related to the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. Although numerous studies have shown that PDIA3 plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of many tumors, the role of PIDA3 in digestive system tumors has not been systematically reported. Therefore, this paper reviews the different expression patterns of PDIA3 in four kinds of digestive system tumors and its clinical significance, and discusses its role in different stages of cancer development or clinical prognosis, so as to further search for effective early diagnosis and potential targets for gene therapy. It is of great significance to improve the survival rate of tumor patients.

Abstract:Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is mostly treated by surgery, and clinically specific drugs are lacking. Although surgery can remove transformed lesions, the stump has the risk of lesions under the continuous action of viruses and other factors. Therefore, prevention and treatment of CIN require suitable animal models. Cervical lesions usually manifest as a series of continuous processes, and this progressive pathological process makes it difficult to replicate in animal models. Research on the establishment of CIN animal models at home and abroad has gradually increased in recent years. This review discusses the development method, advantages, and disadvantages of CIN mouse models to provide ideas for the establishment of more suitable animal models and long-term prevention and treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Strategy and drug research to provide assistance.

Abstract:Flap surgery is a surgical method to cover a defect and remove a wound after skin and subcutaneous tissue, including deep muscles, are cut by surgery. It is widely used for various skin defects and bone exposure that cannot be repaired by traditional surgical skin grafting. However, finding vessels to supply the flap and protect the blood supply of the flap after transplantation is difficult. To better understand the blood supply of the flap and explore how to improve the survival rate of the flap, numerous researchers have established a large number of rat models of the flap and applied various treatment schemes to increase the survival rate of the transplanted flap in clinical practice. Currently, many rat models of skin flaps with various parts and functions have been established, and various treatment schemes have been developed. Through animal experiments, the operation mode of skin flap surgery has been improved and expanded, and the necrosis rate of a skin flap has been reduced. Moreover, some new treatment schemes have been developed, which lays a theoretical foundation for the development of skin flap surgery in the future. The purpose and significance of this paper was to summarize the types of existing rat flap models and their flap survival strategies, future technological innovations and to provide a corresponding basis for the follow-up study of rat skin flap model.