Abstract: Objective To explore the mechanism of Jiawei Jisheng Shenqi Decoction in improving the hypoxic microenvironment and antagonizing liver cirrhosis. Methods In vivo experiments were conducted using a rat model of carbon tetrachloride ( CCL4 )-induced liver cirrhosis. Rats were divided into normal, model, colchicine,JWJSSQ low-dose, JWJSSQ medium-dose, and JWJSSQ high-dose group. Pathological changes in liver tissues in each group were examined by hematoxylin and eosin( HE) and Masson staining, changes in serum liver function were detected using test kits, levels of hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), procollagen Ⅲ (PCⅢ), and collagen type Ⅳ (COL4) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and protein expression levels of hypoxiainducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), Notch1, Jagged1, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were detected by Western blot. In vitro experiments were conducted in HSC-T6 cells, and the optimal concentration of CoCl₂(100 μmol / L, 200μmol / L, 400 μmol / L, 600 μmol / L and 800 μmol / L) in the cultured cells and the optimal concentration of drugcontaining serum (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%) were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8) assay. The migration ability of cells in each group was detected by scratch testing, and changes in the apoptosis rates were determined by flow cytometry. Protein expression levels of HIF-1α, Notch1, Jagged1, α-SMA, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) were detected by Western blot. Results In the in vivo experiments, liver swelling, inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition, and the appearance of pseudolobules were significantly increased in the model group compared with those in the normal group. Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), HA, LN, PCⅢ, and COL4 were significantly increased and albumin(ALB) was significantly decreased in the model group, while liver levels of HIF-1α, Notch1,Jagged1, and α-SMA proteins were significantly increased (P<0. 01). Liver swelling, inflammatory cell infiltration,and collagen deposition were significantly reduced in each treatment group compared with those in the model group,and the degree of fibrosis was reduced. Serum ALT, AST, HA, LN, PCIII, and COL4 were significantly decreased and ALB was significantly increased, while liver levels of HIF-1α, Notch1, Jagged1, and α-SMA proteins were also significantly decreased to varying degrees ( P<0. 05). In the in vitro experiments, hypoxia promoted HSC-T6 migration and reduced apoptosis, increased the protein expression levels of HIF-1α, Notch1, Jagged1, α-SMA, and TIMP-1, and reduced the expression levels of MMP9 (P<0. 01). Serum containing Jiawei Jisheng Shenqi Decoction inhibited HSC-T6 migration, promoted HSC-T6 apoptosis, lowered the expression of HIF-1α, Notch1, Jagged1, α-SMA, and TIMP-1 proteins, and enhanced the expression of MMP9 protein (P<0. 01). The inhibitory effect of Jiawei Jisheng Shenqi on HSC-T6 cell activation was reversed by the HIF-1α agonist dimethyloxalylglycine. Conclusions Jiawei Jisheng Shenqi Decoction can improve the hypoxic microenvironment via the HIF-1α/ Notch pathway, thereby exerting an anti-liver cirrhosis effect.

Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of five-element music on depressive behaviors and intestinal flora in offspring of fear-stress rats during pregnancy. Methods Thirty-six 0. 5-day pregnant Wistar rats were divided randomly into a control group, fear-stress group, and five-element music group, and the subsequent litters continued the maternal grouping. Pregnant rats in the fear-stress and five-element music groups were modeled on days 1~19 of gestation using the bystander electric method, while the five-element music group was also exposed to Feather Tune five-element music intervention. The fear behavior and serum glucocorticoid ( GC) levels in pregnant rats were assessed on day 20 of pregnancy by open field test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively, to evaluate the effectiveness of the model. Depression in 3-week-old offspring was evaluated by open field, tail suspension, and sucrose preference tests. Norepinephrine(NE), dopamine (DA), and 5-hydroxytryptamine ( 5-HT) levels in the hippocampus of the offspring were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Changes in the intestinal flora of the offspring were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Expression levels of the proximal colonic proteins claudin1, occludin, and ZO1 in the offspring were measured by Western blot assay. Results Pregnant rats in the fear-stress group stayed longer in the area around the open field (P<0. 05), had fewer entries into the central area (P<0. 001), and had higher serum GC levels compared with those in the blank group (P<0. 001). In contrast, fiveelement music exposure reversed these behavioral changes (P<0. 05) and serum GC levels (P<0. 001) in the fearstress group. Offspring in the fear-stress group exhibited decreased open-field crossing frequency (P<0. 01), reduced sucrose preference index, and longer immobility time in the tail suspension test (P<0. 05), compared with those in the blank group, together with significantly decreased NE, DA, and 5-HT levels in the hippocampus (P<0. 05).Rats in the fear-stress group showed decreased diversity of the intestinal flora (P<0. 01) and significant alterations in flora structure, including higher abundance of Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, and Escherichia (P<0. 05), and lower abundance of Spirochaetes, Spirochaetaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Treponema, Prevotella, Coprococcus, Allobaculum, Ruminococcus, and Dorea ( P<0. 05 ). The proximal colonic proteins Claudin1, Occludin, and ZO1 were significantly downregulated ( P<0. 05). The open-field crossing frequency,sucrose preference index, and duration of tail suspension immobilization were improved in the five-element music group compared with those in the fear-stress group (P<0. 05), while DA and 5-HT levels were significantly restored in the hippocampus (P<0. 05), species diversity of the intestinal flora increased (P<0. 01) and changes in the abundance of the flora were reversed, and the proximal colonic proteins Occludin and ZO1 expression were significantly upregulated (P<0. 05). Conclusions Five-element music intervention during pregnancy can ameliorate fear-stress-induced depression behaviors and intestinal flora disorders in the offspring.

Abstract: Objective To explore method for improving the colonization efficiency of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in the mouse stomach and to determine if the proton pump inhibitor(PPI) pantoprazole can act as a colonization adjuvant to enhance Hp colonization, with the aim of providing an effective tool for establishing an Hp infection mouse model. Methods The Hp Sydney strain 1(SS1) was introduced and solid plate and liquid culture systems were established.The effects of different doses of pantoprazole on gastric acid secretion in mice were compared. The impact of Hp inoculation, alone or combined with pantoprazole pretreatment, on Hp colonization efficiency was analyzed using rapid urease tests, bacterial plate cultures, and TaqMan quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results PPI pretreatment inhibited gastric acid secretion and promoted Hp colonization in the mouse stomach, to some extent. Conclusions PPI can serve as colonization adjuvants to enhance the efficiency of constructing Hp infection mouse models.

Abstract: Objective To analyze the modeling and evaluation method for vascular restenosis animal models in the last 10 years, to provide a reference for improving animal models of vascular restenosis. Methods Literature related to vascular restenosis was retrieved from mainstream Chinese and English databases from 2013 to 2023. Data on experimental animal strains, modeling method, modeling cycles, and detection method were extracted from the included literature, and a database was established using Excel for summary analysis. Results Among the 122 identified articles, the main experimental animals were rats, rabbits, and pigs, and most animals were male. The most common modeling method was balloon injury, and the modeling cycle was mainly within 4~8 weeks. The main detection indexes were histopathology, accounting for 37. 18%, including routine hematoxylin-eosin, Masson, and Elastica van Gieson ( EVG) staining. Conclusions The translatability of porcine vascular restenosis models is currently more in line with expectations, but their cost is high and they are unpopular, and rats and rabbits thus remain the main animal models. Balloon injury is the main mode of modeling. Different animal models and modeling method for vascular restenosis have advantages and disadvantages, and the model should be selected according to the experimental purpose. Animal models of vascular restenosis still have some limitations, however, and better animal models are required in the future.

Abstract: Objective To investigate the effects of chronic restraint stress for 28 days (day and night) on mood and cognitive-like behavior in male and female ICR mice, to provide a basis for the selection of sex and restraint period in chronic restraint stress model animals. Methods A total of 72 male and female (1 ∶ 1) ICR mice were divided into six groups: male control, daytime restraint, and nighttime restraint groups, and female control, daytime restraint, and nighttime restraint groups. Mice in all but the control groups were bound for 10 h / d and restrained continuously for 28 days to establish a chronic restraint stress model. The emotional and cognitive behaviors induced by restraint in male and female mice at different times were observed by open field, Y maze, novel inhibition feeding, elevated cross maze, tail suspension, forced swimming, and dark-avoidance experiments. Results In the tail suspension experiment, the immobility time of male mice in the daytime restraint group was significantly increased compared with that in the control group ( P<0. 05), and the immobility times of male mice in the daytime and nighttime restraint groups were also significantly increased in the forced swimming experiment, compared with those in the control group (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference between the female daytime restraint and female control groups in the novelty inhibition feeding experiment, but the feeding latency of the nighttime restraint group was significantly longer than that of the control group (P<0. 05) and the daytime restraint group (P<0. 05). The feeding latency of female mice was significantly longer than that of males during nighttime restraint (P<0. 05). In the open field test, compared with the male control group, the female control group showed a significant decrease in central area time and the ratio of central area time to peripheral area time (P<0. 05). Compared with the female control group, the female daytime restraint group exhibited a significant decrease in central area time and the ratio of central area time to peripheral area time (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference between the groups in the elevated cross maze and Y maze experiments. There was no significant difference in dark latency between the daytime restraint group and the control group, but darkness latency was significantly shorter in the nighttime restraint group compared with those in the control group ( P< 0. 05). When male and female mice were combined, the immobility time in the daytime restraint group was significantly increased in the tail suspension experiment (P<0. 05), the immobility times of mice in the daytime and nighttime restraint groups were significantly increased in the forced swimming experiment ( P<0. 01, P<0. 05), and the central zone time and the ratio of central area time to peripheral area time of daytime restraint mice were significantly shorter compared with those in the control group (P<0. 05, P<0. 01). There was no significant difference in the central zone time and the ratio of central area time to peripheral area time in the nighttime restraint groups, and no significant difference in average speed or total distance between the daytime and nighttime restraint groups. Conclusions Male mice exhibited depression after 28 d of chronic restraint stress during the daytime, while female mice were prone to anxiety after 28 d of chronic restraint stress. Male mice experienced learning and memory impairment after 28 d of chronic restraint stress during the night.

Abstract: Objective Network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques were used to predict the potential mechanisms by which the active components of Piper nigrum( PN) regulate depressive-like behaviors in chronic restraint stress(CRS) mice. Methods The major chemical components and targets of PN were screened using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database. Targets related to ferroptosis and depression were obtained from the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, GeneCards, and FerrDB databases. The intersecting targets were then subjected to Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Gnomes ( KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses, and molecular docking was performed to validate the binding capacities between the core targets and their corresponding active components. Finally, we established a CRS mouse model. Mice were treated with PN 75, 150, and 300 mg / kg for 4 weeks, followed by behavioral assessments and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to verify the expression of core genes. Results Nine active components were screened from PN, corresponding to 27 targets, and 8377 targets related to depression and 547 targets associated with ferroptosis were screened from the databases. The intersection of these three sets resulted in 25 target genes. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that these core targets were predominantly enriched in signaling pathways, including cholinergic synapses, serotonergic synapses, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions. Molecular docking result showed that the main active components of PN had strong binding affinities for the targets CHRM2, SLC6A4, PTGS2,and SLC6A2. Behavioral assessments demonstrated that PN significantly increased the sucrose preference index(P<0. 01,P<0. 001), reduced immobility time in the tail suspension and forced swimming tests(P<0. 01,P<0. 001),and enhanced exploratory behavior in the open field test(P<0. 05. P<0. 01,P<0. 001). PN significantly reduced the serum levels of inflammation markers( P<0. 05. P<0. 01,P<0. 001), as shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and neurotransmitter analysis revealed that PN significantly increased the levels of serotonin and acetylcholine in the mouse hippocampus(P<0. 05). RT-qPCR showed that PN demonstrated the mRNA expression of SLC6A4(P<0. 05. P<0. 01,P<0. 001). Conclusions PN may improve depressive-like behavior in mice by modulating serotonin and acetylcholine levels, inhibiting inflammatory responses, participating in immune regulation, and exerting neuroprotective effects.

Abstract: Objective To investigate the mechanism of action of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) / solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) / glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) signaling pathway in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to explore the mechanism of Gegen QinLian Decoction for the treatment of NAFLD, using in vivo and in vitro experiments. Methods Rats were fed with high-fat chow for 24 weeks to induce NAFLD, and were then divided randomly into normal ( C), model ( M), high-, medium-, and low-dose Gegen QinLian Decoction(GGQLT-H, GGQLT-M, GGQLT-L), and metformin (Met) groups. From week 25 onwards, the rats were administered the corresponding drugs by gavage for 2 weeks according to the grouping, until sampling.Levels of the oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde ( MDA) and glutathione (GSH) in the liver tissues were measured in each group using biochemical kits and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺) in rat liver tissues was detected using a Fe²⁺ kit. Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 ( HO-1), SLC7A11, glutathione synthetase ( GSS), GPX4, and acyl coenzyme A synthetase 4 (ACSL4) mRNA levels in rat liver tissues were measured by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. For cellular experiments lipid accumulation was induced in HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells using 1 mmol / L free fatty acid, to mimic the NAFLD in vitro model. Different concentrations of Gegen QinLian Decoction and metformin-containing serum were added for treatment. Lipid accumulation was detected in the cells in each group by Oil red O staining. The MDA and GSH contents of HepG2 cells in the different groups were determined using appropriate kits, and the ferrous contents were detected using a cell-specific ferrous kit. Expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, SLC7A11, GSS, GPX4, and ACSL4 mRNA was detected in each group of cells using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results In the animal experiments, MDA and Fe²⁺ liver levels were significantly higher in the M group than in the C group, while GSH levels were significantly lower (P<0. 01).GGQLT-H, GGQLT-M and Met groups showed significantly reduced MDA and Fe²⁺ and elevated GSH levels compared with the M group (P<0. 01, P<0. 05). High- and medium-dose Gegen QinLian Decoction and metformin increased Nrf2, HO-1, GSS, and GPX4 mRNA and decreased ACSL4 mRNA expression levels ( P<0. 01, P<0. 05). In cellular experiments, lipid droplets were significantly increased in the HepG2 cell M group compared with those in the C group, and lipid droplets were significantly reduced by Gegen QinLian Decoction and metformin. MDA and Fe²⁺ levels were significantly increased and GSH levels were significantly decreased in the HepG2 M group compared with the levels in the C group ( P<0. 01), while all doses of Gegen QinLian Decoction and metformin significantly decreased MDA and Fe²⁺ levels (P<0. 01) and increased the GSH content (P<0. 01, P<0. 05). Nrf2, GSS, GPX4,and SLC7A11 mRNA expression levels in the GGQLT-H group, Nrf2, HO-1, and SLC7A11 in the GGQLT-L group,HO-1, SLC7A11, and GSS in the GGQLT-M group, and GSS, Nrf2, and HO-1 in the Met group were all significantly increased compared with the findings in the M group (P<0. 01, P<0. 05). ACSL4 mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased in the GGQLT-M and GGQLT-L groups and the Met group (P<0. 01, P<0. 05). Conclusions Gegen QinLian Decoction can improve NAFLD by inhibiting ferroptosis, and its mechanism may be related to regulation of the Nrf2 / SLC7A11 / GPX4 signaling pathway.

Abstract: Objective To observe the depressive behavior and neuronal damage induced by different doses of corticosterone (CORT) in mice, and to explore the optimal dose for a corticosterone-induced depression model in mice. Methods Forty male C57BL / 6J mice were divided randomly into four groups: control group and low,medium, and high CORT groups (20, 40, and 60 mg / kg, respectively), treated with the corresponding drug dose by subcutaneous injection for 4 weeks. Behavioral changes in mice after corticosterone administration for 3 and 4 weeks were detected by sugar water preference, forced swimming, tail suspension, and open field tests. Morphological changes in neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area and forebrain cortex area were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and Nissl staining. Serum levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine ( 5-HT) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Depression-related behavioral changes induced by different doses of corticosterone were compared. Results The bodyweights of mice in all three CORT groups (20, 40, and 60 mg / kg) decreased (P<0. 05) and the preference for sucrose solution decreased (P<0. 01) compared with the findings in the control group. The immobility time in the forced swimming test was prolonged in the CORT 20 and 40 mg / kg groups (P<0. 01) and the immobility time of mice in the tail suspension test was prolonged in the CORT 40 mg / kg group (P<0. 05). The total distance, the length of time spent in the peripheral area was prolonged and the time entering the central area in the open-field experiment were decreased in the CORT 40 and 60 mg / kg groups (P<0. 05), and average speed were decreased in the CORT 40 mg / kg group ( P< 0. 05). In addition, CORT injection result ed in abnormal neuronal cell morphology, cell deformation, and nuclear condensation in the hippocampal CA1 and forebrain cortex areas, to different degrees.Serum 5-hydroxytryptamine levels were reduced in the CORT 40 and 60 mg / kg groups ( P< 0. 05). ConclusionsCORT 20, 40, and 60 mg / kg can induce depression-like behavioral changes and neuronal damage in mice to varying degrees, with the most notable effect at 40 mg / kg. Under experimental conditions, we consider that 40 mg / kg is the best dose for replicating corticosterone-induced depression in model mice.

Abstract: Objective To construct mouse models of vaccinia virus infection using C57BL / 6N and BALB/ C mice infected with vaccinia virus VR-1354 (WR (NIH TC-adapted)), and to compare the differences between the models in the two mouse strains. Methods Vaccinia virus VR-1354 was amplified, concentrated, and titrated, according to conventional method. The median lethal doses ( LD₅₀ ) of vaccinia virus VR-1354 for C57BL / 6N and BALB/ C mice were determined, respectively, and mice from the two strains were infected with the respective LD50.Lung tissues from control and experimental mice were removed for hematoxylin and eosin staining on days 3, 7, and 14, and changes in the virus load in the lung tissues were measured at the same times. Results The titer of the amplified vaccinia virus VR-1354 was 3×10⁸plaque-forming units (PFU) / mL. The LD₅₀values in C57BL / 6N andBALB/ C mice were 2. 5×10³and BALB/ C 2. 8×10³PFU, respectively. After infecting mice from both strains with2. 5× 10³PFU of vaccinia virus VR 1354, lung tissue lesions worsened with increasing infection time, but the symptoms of the mice tended to recover after day 7. The virus loads in lung tissues began to increase on day 3 in both strains, peaked on day 7, and then gradually decreased. Conclusions C57BL / 6N and BALB/ C mouse models infected with vaccinia virus VR-1354 were established successfully. The virus can cause obvious lesions in mouse lung tissues, including inflammatory cell infiltration and alveolar cavity fluid exudation. The degree of disease onset and susceptibility differed between the two mouse strains, with C57BL / 6N mice showing higher susceptibility to this virus than BALB/ C mice.

Abstract:Animal biosafety laboratories generally use negative-pressure cages to raise animals, to guarantee biosafety. Laboratory monbeys are much larger than the rodents, so they are mostly housed in non-airtight negative pressure animal isolation equipments within animal biosafety laboratories. Regarding practical work experience in an Animal Biosafety Level 2 (ABSL-2) laboratory, this study discusses how to control biological risks at various stages of monkey breeding and infectious experiments within an ABSL-2 laboratory. This exploration provides valuable insights and references for controlling biological risks in ABSL-2 and ABSL-3 laboratories carrying out infection experiments in monkeys in the future.

Abstract:Cerebral ischemia / reperfusion injury ( CIRI ) is a pathophysiological process affecting the prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS). Its mechanism is complex and remains unclear. Long noncoding RNA ( LncRNA) are a class of non-coding RNA ( ncRNA). Early studies of LncRNA focused on their relationship with tumor-related diseases, but recent studies have found that they are also closely related to the pathological process of CIRI. LncRNA participate in the damage and repair processes of CIRI by affecting oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis of the nervous system, as well as the inflammatory response and other mechanisms.They can regulate the progression of CIRI in a positive or negative way, and they play an important role in the related signaling pathways. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which LncRNA regulate CIRI.

Abstract:Delirium has a high incidence and is associated with a poor patient prognosis. The pathogenesis of delirium is still unclear. Although antipsychotic drugs are the main intervention in clinical practice, there are currently no drugs that can definitively improve the long-term health-related quality of life in patients with delirium. In this study, we review research on the associations between epigenetic modifications such as non-coding RNAs, DNA methylation, and histone acetylation and the development of delirium, with the aim of providing information to support clinical decisions on the early identification and diagnosis of delirium, as well as its treatment and prognosis and the development of relevant targeted drugs.

Abstract:Alzheimer’ s disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders, and is increasingly becoming a global health challenge, in line with the intensification of population aging. The pathogenesis of AD is currently unclear and treatment options are limited. Currently available drugs can only alleviate the symptoms of AD to a certain extent, and cannot delay its progression. Numerous studies, however, have shown that a variety of micronutrients may play a positive role in the treatment of AD. Vitamins and trace metal elements have many functions, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and protection of mitochondria. Micronutrients can effectively reduce β-amyloid protein plaque deposition and Tau protein hyperphosphorylation to improve brain energy metabolism,thereby helping to prevent and treat AD. This article reviews and summarizes the roles of common vitamins and trace metal elements in the prevention and treatment of AD, with the goal of offering new perspectives for the clinical management and prevention of this disease.

Abstract:Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus(DM) and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease(ESRD). Increasing evidence indicates that the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of DKD. Numerous experimental studies have demonstrated that traditional Chinese medicine can attenuate inflammatory responses by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby delaying the progression of DKD. This review summarizes the relationship between the NF-κB signaling pathway and DKD, and discusses advances in research into how traditional Chinese medicine interventions targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway can alleviate DKD, with the aim of providing new references for targeted therapy of DKD.

Abstract:Attention refers to the body’ s capacity to maintain alert awareness of internal and external stimuli. Attention deficit can impair an individual’ s learning capacity and working proficiency, resulting in a heavy burden to the family and society. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an emerging neuroregulatory technique that can achieve reciprocal interaction between the central and peripheral nervous systems, which has demonstrated great potential for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric diseases; however, it has not been used clinically to treat attention-deficient developmental disorders in children or neurodegenerative diseases in the aged population. We briefly review the anatomical and physiological bases of VNS, and its application status and potential use in treating attention deficit diseases. A potential mechanism by which VNS participates in attention-related nervous regulation is proposed, to lay a theoretical foundation for the application of VNS in the field of attention nervous regulation.

Abstract:Drug addiction is a chronic disease that causes serious physical and psychological harm to the individual, as well as damage to society. Biomarkers are indicators that differ significantly between healthy people and patients and are important for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The increasing incidence of drug addiction in recent years and the wider variety and number of new drugs has led to an increase in the study of biomarkers of drug addiction and their analysis in different biological samples. This paper reviews biomarkers of drug addiction in hair,blood, urine, and feces, to help to explore the biological signatures of drug addiction and facilitate its clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract:The incidence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has recently been increasing year by year,in a complex social environment. The diagnosis of GAD currently often relies on DSM-5 and ICD-10 criteria, which include subjectivity and limitations. Understanding the intrinsic activity of brain network functions and structural connectivity is an important goal of contemporary neuroscience research. Electroencephalographic microstates are capable of observing broad frequency components and capturing dynamic changes in brain activity, thus providing a novel perspective on the accuracy of GAD diagnosis. This review considers the electroencephalographic microstate features and explores the abnormalities in the functional brain network in patients with GAD, with the aim of providing a clear diagnosis, optimizing the therapeutic efficacy, and improving the quality of medical care for patients with GAD.

Abstract:Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have become important seed cells in tissue engineering,because of their unique advantages. Extensive research has been conducted to determine the ideal method of cryopreservation for ASCs. In this review, we summarize the basic cryobiology and cryopreservation protocols for ASCs, and look forward to future research into cryopreservation protocols for ASCs.

Abstract:Recent rapid developments in molecular biological techniques have allowed the use of gene editing, as a means of genome modification, for the establishment of experimental animal models, with high efficiency, accuracy, and flexibility. This article mainly summarizes the construction and application of the latest gene-editing techniques in animal models, including pigs, non-human primates and dogs. It provides a theoretical reference for the application and in-depth study of gene-editing techniques in large experimental animals, which may better simulate human diseases, and for further studies of the potential pathogenesis of biomedical and human complex diseases.