Abstract:Attention refers to the body’ s capacity to maintain alert awareness of internal and external stimuli. Attention deficit can impair an individual’ s learning capacity and working proficiency, resulting in a heavy burden to the family and society. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an emerging neuroregulatory technique that can achieve reciprocal interaction between the central and peripheral nervous systems, which has demonstrated great potential for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric diseases; however, it has not been used clinically to treat attention-deficient developmental disorders in children or neurodegenerative diseases in the aged population. We briefly review the anatomical and physiological bases of VNS, and its application status and potential use in treating attention deficit diseases. A potential mechanism by which VNS participates in attention-related nervous regulation is proposed, to lay a theoretical foundation for the application of VNS in the field of attention nervous regulation.

Abstract:Drug addiction is a chronic disease that causes serious physical and psychological harm to the individual, as well as damage to society. Biomarkers are indicators that differ significantly between healthy people and patients and are important for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The increasing incidence of drug addiction in recent years and the wider variety and number of new drugs has led to an increase in the study of biomarkers of drug addiction and their analysis in different biological samples. This paper reviews biomarkers of drug addiction in hair,blood, urine, and feces, to help to explore the biological signatures of drug addiction and facilitate its clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Abstract:The incidence of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has recently been increasing year by year,in a complex social environment. The diagnosis of GAD currently often relies on DSM-5 and ICD-10 criteria, which include subjectivity and limitations. Understanding the intrinsic activity of brain network functions and structural connectivity is an important goal of contemporary neuroscience research. Electroencephalographic microstates are capable of observing broad frequency components and capturing dynamic changes in brain activity, thus providing a novel perspective on the accuracy of GAD diagnosis. This review considers the electroencephalographic microstate features and explores the abnormalities in the functional brain network in patients with GAD, with the aim of providing a clear diagnosis, optimizing the therapeutic efficacy, and improving the quality of medical care for patients with GAD.

Abstract:Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have become important seed cells in tissue engineering,because of their unique advantages. Extensive research has been conducted to determine the ideal method of cryopreservation for ASCs. In this review, we summarize the basic cryobiology and cryopreservation protocols for ASCs, and look forward to future research into cryopreservation protocols for ASCs.

Abstract:Recent rapid developments in molecular biological techniques have allowed the use of gene editing, as a means of genome modification, for the establishment of experimental animal models, with high efficiency, accuracy, and flexibility. This article mainly summarizes the construction and application of the latest gene-editing techniques in animal models, including pigs, non-human primates and dogs. It provides a theoretical reference for the application and in-depth study of gene-editing techniques in large experimental animals, which may better simulate human diseases, and for further studies of the potential pathogenesis of biomedical and human complex diseases.