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  • 1  Observation of renal multi-mode molecular function imaging in female rhesus monkeys of different ages
    WANG Ziyan HE Rui XIE Fei LIN Qingkeng WANG Jiao HU Jianwei PAN Xinghua ZHU Gaohong LYU Longbao
    2019, 29(9):26-31. DOI: 10.3969/j. issn. 1671 -7856. 2019. 09. 004
    [Abstract](103969) [HTML](0) [PDF 3.74 M](3100)
    Abstract:
    Objective To observe various indexes (GFR, ADC, SUV, and CT value) of the kidney of femalerhesus monkey in different age groups, and explore the influence of age on these indexes. Methods Seventeen femalerhesus monkeys of different ages were selected and divided into juvenile, adult, and old groups. BUN, Cre, and UA weredetected in each rhesus monkey. SPECT/ CT, MRI, and PET/ CT were performed and GFR, ADC, SUVmax, SUVmean, andCT values were measured by workstation. A t test was used for comparison of indicators of left and right kidneys, whileANOVA was used for renal indicators among different age groups. Correlations between renal serologic indicators and GFRwere analyzed by Pearson analysis. Results GFRL, GFRR, GFRtotal, and ADC values in old female rhesus monkeys weresignificantly reduced compared with adult and juvenile groups ( all P < 0. 05). However, there were no significantdifferences in GFRL, GFRR, GFRtotal, or ADC values between the left and right kidneys of all age groups (all P > 0. 05).There were no significant differences in SUVmax, SUVmean, or CT values between the right and left kidneys of each agegroup, or among the three age groups (all P > 0. 05). BUN, Cre, and UA were not significantly different among the threeage groups (all P > 0. 05). Correlation analysis results showed that BUN and Cre were moderately correlated with GFRtotal(r=0. 56, -0. 56, all P < 0. 05). However, there was no significant correlation between UA and GFRtotal ( P > 0. 05).Conclusions This study provides a reference for quantitative analysis of rhesus monkey renal function by SPECT/ CTmolecular functional imaging, and provides basic data for scientific experiments involving rhesus monkey kidney as the gold standard for evaluation of renal function.
    2  An in vitro skin sensitization testing method based on ARE-Nrf2 and its application in sample test
    LIU Chunfeng ZHANG Liting LI Xiaolin SHI Zhen ZHANG Zilong LI Jian CHEN Tian QIU Lu
    2019, 29(12):23-30. DOI: 10.3969/j. issn. 1671 -7856. 2019. 12. 004
    [Abstract](101104) [HTML](0) [PDF 2.12 M](3319)
    Abstract:
    Objective  To establish a method for an in vitro test for skin sensitization based on ARE-Nrf2 (antioxidant responsive element - NF-E2-related factor 2) luciferase, and using this test to assess the sensitizing potency of chemicals and sample mixtures. Methods  A stable transfection of the HaCaT cell line containing a selective plasmid encoding AKR1C2-ARE fused to the fluorescent luciferase was constructed (DSens), and the cells were incubated with samples for 48 hours at different concentrations. The expression of luciferase was measured by fluorescence detection. Skin sensitization was predicted for 16 known skin sensitizers and six mixtures. Results  Sixteen reference substances were accurately distinguished by DSens. Among the six sample mixtures, the prediction result of five mixtures were consistent with the result of other detection method , and another unknown sample was predicted to be positive. Conclusions The DSens in vitro testing method may be a useful replacement for some animal tests used to predict sensitivity to soluble skin products.
    3  Research advances in pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma
    LIU Wenfeng DENG Huan XIE Hongsheng ZHENG Zhuli WANG Yunyun
    2019, 29(10):122-125. DOI: 10.3969/j. issn. 1671 -7856. 2019. 10. 021
    [Abstract](85449) [HTML](0) [PDF 761.16 K](4032)
    Abstract:
    Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a type of highly invasive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and one of the most rapidly growing malignant tumors. The etiology and pathogenesis of BL have not been fully elucidated. Previous studies have shown that BL may be related to c-myc translocation. The etiology of BL has been thoroughly studied in recent years, and some new tumorigenic mechanisms have been found in the field of gene mutation and epigenetic regulation. The aim of this review is to elucidate the pathogenesis of BL from the perspective of gene mutation and epigenetic regulation.
    4  Comparison of mouse inner canthus veniplex injection and tail intravenous injection
    CHEN Ting LI Feng-di DENG Wei QIN Chuan
    2014, 24(1):72-73. DOI: 10.3969.j.issn.1671.7856.2014.001.017
    [Abstract](11826) [HTML](0) [PDF 1.41 M](14388)
    Abstract:
    Objective To compare mouse inner canthus veniplex injection and tail intravenous injection.Methods 4~6 weeks BALB/c mice were injected with normal saline respectively, the time and the difficulty were compared. Results mouse inner canthus veniplex injection is easier than tail intravenous injection.Conclusion mouse inner canthus veniplex injection is an easier and more successful method for mouse intravenous injection.
    5  Analysis of Growth Curve,Organ Parameter and Physiology and Biochemistry Indicators in Germ-free KM Mice
    WANG Jun-feng SHI Mei-lian WU Yan-qiu GUO Jian-guang FU Jie SUN Zong-guo GAO Jing-hua XU Ping
    2012(3):17-22. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671.7856.2012.03.004
    [Abstract](11186) [HTML](0) [PDF 914.66 K](8997)
    Abstract:
    ObjectiveTo determine the growth rate, organ index, blood Physiological and biochemical Parameters of germ-free KM mice during different growing Period, baby germ-free KM mice were obtained by hysterectomy form SPF KM mice and reared by hand feeding under aseptic condition. Methods(1) Weight and body size of the mice were measured at different days(from 0 to 112days; n=60; 30♀,30♂) to create a growth curve (2) The weight of the live mice and major organ size after dissection were measured at different days selected randomly (day = 8,6,112; n = 60 30♀,30♂) to determine the growth of these mice. (3) The blood Physiological and biochemical Parameters were measured by collected blood samples from the infraorbital vessels. Results(1) The weight of germ-free KM mice increased with the growing days, and the growth rate reached maximum within 1-2weeks Post-weaning. Significant difference was found between males and females(P<0.05) after 4th week. (2) All the major organs (heart, liver, spleen, lung and brain) increased with the ages except the thyme gland, and the growth of cecum size was obvious. (3) Difference of blood Physiological and biochemical Parameters was found between males and females at the same age, and the difference types increased with the growth of mice age. ConclusionThe results of growth rate and blood physiological and biochemical parameters could provide reference for the evaluation of germ-free KM mice colony.
    6  The Establishment of Simian Acquired Immunodeficincy Disease Syndrome ( SAIDS ) Mode1
    Wu Xiaoxian
    1991(1).
    [Abstract](10460) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](168)
    Abstract:
    The SAIDS model was established by intravenous iroculation with SRV -1 liquid cilture in eight jaivenile Rhesus monkeys. According to the liter-at are and clinical symptoms and signs, virological, pathological and im-munological changes of SADS, there are three types oi SAIDS in experiment: fatal, persistent and recovery. Besides those we proposed the fourth infected type based on the low titer of neutralized antibody and persistent viremia. Five types of lymph node changes in SAIDS, which may be considered to be histopathological prognosis of SAIDS. The SAIDS model would be a good subject for human AIDS and SAIDS research.
    7  A Study on the Breeding of Albino Striped-Back Hamster (Cricetulus barabensis griseus)
    Xu Zhilan
    1991(1).
    [Abstract](10209) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](164)
    Abstract:
    A couple of hamsters of wild stock of heterozygotes was discovered in the laboratory from April to June 1984 giving birth to two litters of offsprings 6 of them were albino. After deliberate breeding for more than 3.5 years, we established foundation colony of the albino hamster. An albino stock was developed by means of intercrossing of the heterozygotes hamsters with albinotic individuals and of backcrossing between filial generation and their parents. In order to expand the number of colony, hamsters were bred in such a way that they were mated under experimental conditions and pairs of females and males were allowed to cohabit for a definite period of time, During acclimatization and breeding, we observed oestrous cycle, pattern of copulation, determination of pregnancy, reproductive performance, growth and development of the young animals.
    8  The Dynamic Observation of Lipid Metabolism and Pathological Changes in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Rats
    LOU Qi SHI Qiao-juan GUO Hong-gang LI Wei LU Ling-qun ZHOU Wen-wei SA Xiao-ying
    2012(3):5-11. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671.7856.2012.03.002
    [Abstract](9855) [HTML](0) [PDF 1.06 M](7881)
    Abstract:
    ObjectiveTo investigate the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), provide a reference for the evaluation of fatty liver therapeutic effect, the liver function, lipid metabolism,insulin resistance and liver apoptosis of NAFLD rats established by high cholesterol feeding were continuously monitored from 4~16 weeks. Methods 40 NAFLD rats established by high cholesterol feeding were randomly divided into the 4,8,2,6 weeks model group and a group of normal rats were set up for control, the serum GLU、CHO、TG、HDL、LDL、GPT、GOT and insulin were tested, the liver apoptosis and pathological changes were observed, then analyzed the effect of the liver function, lipid metabolism,insulin resistance and apoptosis on the pathological changes in non-alcoholic fatty liver rats. ResultsAfter 4 weeks of high cholesterol feeding, the rats had got the liver injury, disorder of lipid metabolism, insulin resistance. Liver cell apoptosis were increased obviously, and pathological changes were characterized by cell steatosis and inflammatory, the lesions became more serious with time went on. ConclusionsRats established by high cholesterol feeding could get the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the lesions became more serious with time over during 4~16 weeks. Lipid metabolism disorder and insulin resistance were the important cause of liver cell steatosis and inflammatory. The model we established is suitable for the evaluation of fatty liver therapeutic effect.
    9  Analysis of Microbial Contamination on Mainly SPF Mice Strains in China
    GE Wen-ping ZHANG Xu GAO Xiang LIU Ning ZHANG Hai-tao ZHANG Xiao-juan
    2012(3):65-68. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671.7856.2012.003.014
    [Abstract](9850) [HTML](0) [PDF 592.90 K](5839)
    Abstract:
    ObjectiveTo provide reference for producing a good laboratory animal production and management, we randomly analyzed microbes and parasites of Specific pathogen free(SPF)mice commonly used in China.Methods The current national standards《Laboratory animal—microbiological standards and monitoring》and《Laboratory animal—parasitic standards and monitoring》were used to tested the microbes and parasites in the samples of SPF mice strains commenly used in China, including ICR,KM,C57BL,BALB/c and BALB/c-nu.ResultsThe results showed that the main virus carried by SPF mice were Reo-3, PVM and POLY, the bacteria contamination included klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Peudomonas aeruginosa. They all affect the mice and experiment in certain degree except for Peudomonas aeruginosa.
    10  Research on the development and present situation of laboratory animal industry in China
    KONG Qi
    2017, 27(5):19-22. DOI: 10.3969.j.issn.1671-7856.2017.05.007
    [Abstract](8120) [HTML](0) [PDF 669.20 K](15951)
    Abstract:
    In this paper, the present situation and development trend of the laboratory animal industry in China are expounded comprehensively and objectively. Through comparative analysis, relative to Europe and the United States one hundred years of accumulated huge resources and strong financial support, the overall laboratory animal industry in China is far behind. The whole nation system should make great efforts to realize leaping development and to catch up. Laboratory animal resources are still the foundation and weak link of the development of laboratory animal industry. This study can provide a scientific basis for the competent authorities at all levels to develop fast and efficient laboratory animal industry development strategy, and also provide reference for the development of the laboratory animal industry itself.
    11  Establishment of a Human Colorectal Cancer Model on the Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane
    YU Wen-jing ZHAO Jing LIAN Bo WEI Xiao-dan XIE Bin GAO Zhi-qin
    2012(3):32-35. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671.7856.2012.003.007
    [Abstract](7885) [HTML](0) [PDF 644.84 K](3814)
    Abstract:
    ObjectiveTo establish a human colorectal cancer model on the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane(CAM) and study its characteristics of angiogenesis.Methods Human colorectal cancer cell line HT-29 at different concentrations were inoculated on the CAMs. To observe the factors affecting the survival of the transplanted human colorectal cancer, growth characteristics of the transplanting tumor and the characteristics of angiogenesis.ResultsThe transplantation tumor model of human colorectal cancer in CAM was successfully established. It was found that transplantation tumor was easy to grow and it showed strong angiogenesis effects.Conclusions It is feasible to establish a transplantation tumor model of human colorectal cancer on CAM. The model can be easily duplicated, which provides a useful animal model for studying the angiogenesis and biological properties of colorectal cancer and can be used in the research of the drug selection for human colorectal cancer.
    12  Comparative study on the effects of a Chinese medicine Shenqi-fuzheng injection in different doses injected into Zusanli acupoint (ST36) on the treatment for heart-qi deficiency syndrome in rats
    ZHAO Xing-mei WANG Yan CHEN Hua-de
    2014, 24(2):38-41. DOI: 10.3969.j.issn.1671.7856.2014.002.009
    [Abstract](7825) [HTML](0) [PDF 648.80 K](13022)
    Abstract:
    Objective To study the effects of Shenqi-fuzheng injection (SQ) in different doses injected into Zusanli acupoint in treating heart-qi deficiency syndrome and explore its dose-to-effet relationship.Methods The rat model of heart-qi deficiency syndrome was established by forced burden swimming and gavage of large doses of propranlolum. Seven groups of rats were set up with 8 rats in each group: the blank control group, the model group and 5 treatment groups which received a Chinese medicine Shenqi-fuzheng injection (SQ) in different doses (0.05 mL, 0.10 mL, 0.15 mL, 0.20 mL and 0.25 mL per rat, respectively) at ST36 acupoints. The treatment was administered for consecutive 10 days. The general conditions and symptoms of the rats were observed and recorded. The serum concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) were assayed by ELISA. The activity of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) was detected by colorimetry. The pathological changes of myocardial tissue were observed using HE staining. Results Compared with the blank control group, the model group showed obvious heart failure symptoms such as fatigue, purple tongue, short and rapid breath, the concentration of ANP was increased while cAMP decreased, and SOD activity was declined (P<0.001 for all). The pathology of myocardial tissue showed inflammatory cell infiltration and seriously swollen cardiomyocytes in disordered arrangement. Compared with the model group, all treatment groups showed that symptoms were relieved, ANP concentration was decreased, and cAMP concentration and SOD activity were increased. Among them, the changes of indicators in the SQ-0.05 mL group were mildest (P<0.05) while strongest in the SQ-0.20 mL group (P<0.001). The pathological changes of myocardial tissue in the SQ-0.20 mL group were mildest and close to normal. Conclusions ST36 acupoint injection with the Chinese medicine Shenqi-fuzheng injection is an effective therapy for heart-qi deficiency syndrome in rats. The treatment effects are positively correlated with the doses of drug in the range of from 0.05 mL to 0.20 mL per rat.
    13  Summarize of the Common Problem and the Experience of Tumor-burdened in Nude-mice
    ZHAO Yong WU Jing MAO Feng-feng ZHAO Shan-min ZHANG Cai-qin BAI Bing SHI Chang-hong
    2012(7):17-20. DOI: 10.3969.j.issn.1671.7856.2012.007.005
    [Abstract](7733) [HTML](0) [PDF 602.29 K](10956)
    Abstract:
    ObjectiveDiscussion the common problem of tumor-burdened in node-mice,In order to improve the success rate of tumor burden. MethodThrough analysis the influence of various factors of tumor-burden in node-mice, seek the solution of problem in tumor burdended. ResultSummarized the various factors in the tumor burden, and put forward reasonable suggestions.ConclusionNode-mice tumor burden is the base of the oncology, drug and biological products of safety evaluation and effectiveness screening. This paper is to provide reasonable suggestions for the preparation of good nude mice tumor model.
    14  Establishment of a dog model of intervertebral disc extrusion and observation of the histological and microcirculatory changes in the spinal cord
    WANG Xue-qiao RAO Yu-teng WU Wei-peng CHENG Peng LI Wei JIANG Dai-xun CHEN Wu
    2014, 24(6):22-26. DOI: 10.3969.j.issn.1671.7856.2014.006.005
    [Abstract](7478) [HTML](0) [PDF 727.90 K](19335)
    Abstract:
    Objective To establish a canine model of intervertebral disc extrusion by surgery and observe the histological and microcirculatory changes of the spinal cord, in order to accumulate data for studies on the pathology and mechanism of treatment for intervertebral disc extrusion. Methods Normal healthy adult dogs were divided randomly into two groups: normal control group and model group. To simulate the intervertebral disc extrusion caused by spinal cord compression, 6Fr double lumen catheter with ballon was inserted into the spinal cord T12-T13 and filled with about 5 mL Iohexol after the exposure of spinal cord L1 by hemilaminectomy. The spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) at the L1 level before and after compression was measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry. Morphological changes of the compressed spinal cord at 14 days after compression was examined by histopathology.Results The (Texas spinal cord injury score) (TSCIS) scores of the motor function of bilateral hind limbs were highly significantly decreased (P<0.01). The blood flow of spinal cord at the L1 level was significantly decreased (P<0.05) after compression than that before. Compared with the normal control group, the model group showed abnormal vacuolization in the white matter and the number of normal neurons in the ventral horn of gray matter was significantly lower(P<0.01). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that canine models of intervertebral disc extrusion can be successfully established by balloon catheter compression, showing local impairment of microcirculation and histological changes in the spinal cord. This canine model may provide a useful model for evaluation of therapeutic effects of acupuncture and for mechanism studies.
    15  Comparison of the effects of different treatments on THP-1 cell differentiation
    PENG Zhuo-ying CONG Zhe LI Xiang XUE Jing WEI Qiang
    2017, 27(9):1-6. DOI: 10.3969.j.issn.1671-7856.2017.09.001
    [Abstract](7429) [HTML](0) [PDF 7.03 M](9354)
    Abstract:
    Objective To stimulate a human monocytic cell line THP-1 cells to differentiate into M1, M2 macrophages and dendritic (DC) cells by optimization of different methods, and lay the foundation for the study of M1, M2 and DC cell models in vitro. Methods THP-1 cells were stimulated by PMA and GM-CSF/M-CSF, respectively. Then, they were induced to differentiate into M1, M2 macrophages and DC cells by adding different cytokines, such as LPS, IL-6 and IFN-γ for M1 macrophages, IL-4, IL-13 and IL-6 for M2 macrophages, and IL-4 for DCs. Subsequently, the morphology of cells was observed and the expression of cell surface (CD) molecules was detected by flow cytometry. Results After stimulation with the two methods, the trends of CD molecules expression were basically the same. The expression of CD80 and CD86 on the THP-1-M1 cells were increased significantly, and CD163 and CD209 were highly expressed on the THP-1-M2 cells. For THP-1-DC cells, the expression of CD14 was significantly decreased, while the expression of CD80, CD86 and CD11c increased. M1, M2 macrophages and DC cells were adherent after stimulation with PMA. However, DC cells were partially adherent after GM-CSF/M-CSF treatment. M1 and M2 macrophages were also growing in suspension. Conclusions Both methods used in this study can successfully induce THP-1 cells to differentiate into different subtypes, but there are some differences in the morphology of the induced cells. Appropriate stimulation method can be selected according to the experimental requirements.
    16  Developmental and Melanogenesis Effects of 1-phenyl 2-thiourea (PTU) in Zebrafish Embryos
    ZHANG Li-jun SHI Hui-qin YUAN Xiao-yan YU Shou-zhong ZHAO Jun PENG Shuang-qing
    2012(9):21-25. DOI: 10.3969.j.issn.1671.7856.2012.009.005
    [Abstract](7381) [HTML](0) [PDF 1.38 M](3201)
    Abstract:
    Objective To generate transparent zebrafish, embryos may be treated with 1-phenyl 2-thiourea (PTU) to inhibit melanogenesis during embryogenesis. When working with techniques designed to study gene expression during embryogenesis, especially in teleosts, signal detection may be aggravated by pigmentation. Here we focus on the effects of PTU on embryo, and describes an optimized protocol for generating transparent zebrafish using PTU. Methods zebrafish embryos at the stage of 23 hpf(hours post fertilization) were treated with serial concentrations of PTU. Morphological and physiological endpoints were selected and quantified for unexposed and exposed embryos. Mortality, heart rate, hatching rate and SV-BA distance were detected until 80 hpf. ResultsExposure to 0.197mmol/L and 0.296 mmol/L PTU completely inhibited pigmentation while avoiding problems with embryo mortality, teratogenesis, reduced hatching frequency, and heart rate. The highest PTU concentration resulted in reduced hatching frequency and embryo mortality. We observed pericardial and yolk sac edema. Conclusion Optimized conditions can achieve complete inhibition of pigmentation for generating transparent zebrafish while avoiding toxic effects of PTU treatment.
    17  The effects of D-galactose on the expression of P-ERK 1/2 in hippocampus of mice and on learning and memory ability
    liqiujuan
    2013, 23(11):0-0.
    [Abstract](7056) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](7824)
    Abstract:
    [Abstract] Objective To study the effects of D-galactose on the expression of P-ERK 1/2 in hippocampus of mice and on learning and memory ability Methods Twenty Kunming mice, half male and half female, were divided into two groups. To establish aging model of mice, D-galactose was injected daily in the subcutaneous for 35 days in the dosage of 125 mg / kg. The control group was given saline. In the modeling period, the general condition of mice was observed. Step-down and morris water maze were carried out to test the learning and memory ability at the last one week. After the experiment, the animals were sacrificed to extract hippocampal tissue. The expression of P-ERK1 / 2 in hippocampal of mice was detected by western blot. Results Step-down test showed that compared with the control group, the latency in the model group decrease significantly (P <0.01) and the number of electric shock in the model group increase significantly (P <0.01). Morris water maze showed that the latency of escape in the model group were longer than the control group (P <0.01). Western blotting results showed that the expression of P-ERK1 / 2 significantly decreased in the model group and the effect is more pronounced in male mice. Conclusion D-galactose may impair learning and memory ability by inhibiting the expression of P-ERK1 / 2 in hippocampal of mice and the effect is more pronounced in male mice.
    18  Analysis of Partial Growth index in BALB/c Mutant Curly Mice
    LI RUI Sheng
    2013, 23(11):0-0.
    [Abstract](6917) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](7018)
    Abstract:
    Objective To analyze the difference of growth and organ coefficient between mutant mice and normal mice using inbred BALB/c curly mutant mouse model.Methods 21d,42d and 63d three different age groups of BALB/c mutant curly and normal BALB/c mice of 20 each,half male and half female,were selected to measure body weight,head length,body length,tail length and to compare the head body ratio,tail body ratio and organ coefficient.Results F4 generation BALB/c mutant curly has completely homozygous mice.Head body ratio,tail body ratio of mutant curly mice aged 21d and 42d were lower than those of normal mice (P< 0.05),body weight,head body ratio,tail body ratio of mutant curly mice aged 63d were lower than those of normal mice (P< 0.05).Heart,spleen,ovarian,uterine coefficient of 21d mutant mice were greater than those of normal mice (P< 0.05,P<0.01);heart and thymus coefficient of 42d mutation curly mice were lower than those of normal mice,brain and testis coefficient were higher than those of normal mice (P< 0.05,P< 0.01);heart and uterus coefficient of 63d mutant curly mice lower than those of normal mice,brain coefficient was higher than those of normal mice (P<0.05,P< 0.01).Conclusion There are differences in appearance and organ coefficient of BALB/c mutant curly and normal mice,these different mutations have very important significance for the study of BALB/c mutant curly mice growth,cardiovascular system,immune system and reproductive system.
    19  Phenotypic characterization of PMA-induced THP-1 macrophages analyzed by flow cytometry
    PENG Zhuo-ying LI Xiang CONG Zhe XUE Jing
    2017, 27(10):10-15,22. DOI: 10.3969.j.issn.1671-7856.2017.10.003
    [Abstract](6778) [HTML](0) [PDF 977.68 K](2174)
    Abstract:
    Objective To identify the characteristics of the subtype of PMA-induced THP-1 macrophages by flow cytometry analysis. Methods THP-1 monocytic cells differentiate into macrophages promoted by PMA, then induced into M1 and M2 by adding different cytokines, such as LPS,IL-6 and IFN-γ for THP-1-M1, IL-4,IL-13 and IL-6 for THP-1-M2. Morphology of cells were observed under a microscope and the expression of CD14, CD68, CD16, CD80, CD86, CD163, CD206, CD209, CD83, CD1a, CD11c, HLA-DR were detected by flow cytometry. Results The macrophages stimulated by PMA became adherent; THP-1-M1 and THP-1-M2 lost their spherical morphology, appeared more irregular with many obvious projections. The expression of CD83, CD1a, CD11c, HLA-DR which had the function of antigen presenting on the surface of THP-1-Mφ were very low, and most of them were negative, but those of THP-1-M1 and THP-1-M2 were very high. Conclusions The macrophages differentiated from THP-1 stimulated by PMA are weak in antigen presenting function.
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