Objective To prepare neonatal rat models with cerebral hypoxic ischemia (HI) and different concentration of blood glucose. Methods Based on the rich experiences of HI model preparation, neonatal rat models with both HI and hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia were prepared by either fasting or the injection of 25% glucose subcutaneously at different times and intervals. Results The HI neonatal rat model with hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia was successfully established, that matched up to the expectant design. The level of the blood glucose was as follows:were 5-7mmol/L in both normal control and sham groups, 3-4mmol/L in group with HI and hypoglycemia, 10-15mmol/L in group with HI and mild hyperglycemia, and 15-25mmol/L in group with HI and severe hyperglycemia. Conclusion The present preparation is feasible with stability, reliability,repeatability and for meeting the meeds of related researches well.