Objective To study the extracranial scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and intracranial electrocorticography (ECoG) of closed colony New Zealand white rabbits. Methods To record the extracranial scalp EEG and intracranial ECoG of closed colony New Zealand white rabbits, and to compare and analyze the results of those two scanning methods. Results EEG was characteristic of 9-12 c/s α wave and 16-20 c/s β wave with an amplitude of 30-100 μV as the basic rhythm. ECoG showed 10-12 c/s α wave and 16-20 c/s β wave with an amplitude of 200-300 μV as the basic rhythm. Anesthesia could attenuate the electrocerebral activity, cause brain tissue hypoxia, and induce δ wave and slow θ wave in ECoG. Conclusions EEG method is a simple, non-invasive and convenient operation, and can be made in rabbits without anesthesia. The recorded EEG waveform is highly consistent with that of ECoG, and may be used as an alternative to the traditional ECoG in neurofunctional studies.