Objective To investigate the clinical value of routine blood test indexes (WBC, PLT, MPV, NEUT, LYMPH, MONO, EO, BASO, NLR, MLR, and ELR) and blood biochemical indexes (TP, ALB, A/ G, GLOB, TG, CHO, HDL-C, LDL-C, and ALP) in cynomolgus monkeys with ankylosing spondylitis. Methods Forty cynomolgus monkeys with ankylosing spondylitis and 80 normal cynomolgus monkeys were selected and measured for routine blood test indicators and blood biochemical indicators. Comparisons between the two groups were performed using the rank sum test and t test method . In addition, the sensitivity, specificity, and area-und-the-curve (AUC) values of each index were calculated using receiver operator characteristic curve analysis. Results For routine blood indexes, with the exception of PLT, values of WBC, MPV, NEUT, LYMPH, MONO, EO, BASO, NLR, MLR, and ELR for the ankylosing spondylitis group were significantly higher than those of normal cynomolgus monkeys, and AUC values of the WBC ratio index were close to 0. 9. Moreover, blood biochemistry indexes (with the exception of TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, TP, and ALB) in the ankylosing spondylitis group were significantly lower than those in control group. In addition, GLOB, CHO, and white ALP of the ankylosing spondylitis group were significantly higher compared with the control group. Conclusions Routine blood and blood biochemical indexes screened in this study can be used as screening and drug evaluation indexes of cynomolgus monkeys with ankylosing spondylitis, and provide important reference for clinical diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis.