Objective To investigate the effect of BAPN combined with AngII ( BAPN + Ang II) on the phenotypic changes of macrophages in the aorta of mice with aortic dissection. Methods Searching for relevant core genes and related biological functions and signaling pathway profiles through transcriptome microarrays related to aortic coarctation. We then applied CIBERSORT to analyze the proportion of various types of cells in the aorta. Last, we conducted immunofluorescence, Western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to study the phenotypic changes of M1 and M2 macrophages in aortic dissection. Results GSE147026 found a total of 930 differential genes related to aortic dissection. The biological functions of these genes involve mainly the adhesion of leukocytes to cells, extracellular structure organization, macrophage activation, extracellular matrix organization, and leukocyte migration. Their molecular functions are concentrated mainly in the membrane: microdomains, membrane rafts, adhesion spots, cell-substrate junctions, and collagen extracellular matrix, and their biological processes focus mainly on integrin binding, Toll-like receptor binding, scavenger receptor activity, receptor activity, and extracellular matrix structure components. The CIBERSORT analysis revealed that naive B cells and M1 macrophages exhibited higher infiltration levels in aortic dissection tissues, activated NK cells displayed higher infiltration levels in normal aortic tissues, and M0 and M2 had higher infiltration levels in aortic dissection tissues; however, these differences did not reach statistical significance. No other cell types presented a significantly different level of abundance between normal aorta and aortic dissection. Compared with the normal group, the protein expression levels of iNOS, CD206, IL-6 and IL-10 were the highest in the BAPN+Ang II group, followed by the BAPN group, with the Ang II group having the lowest levels. Conclusions Both M1 and M2 macrophages accumulate in the aorta of aortic dissection mice; their relative accumulation levels in our groups were as follows: Among them, the BAPN + AngII group had the largest accumulation, followed by BAPN and the least AngII.