Type I hypersensitivity is a common disease that is mainly mediated by IgE antibody molecules, resulting in a series of local or systemic reactions. To effectively treat type I hypersensitivity, the key research direction is the development of new diagnostic technologies and immunotherapies. The newly discovered diagnostic techniques include allergen component deterministic diagnosis, eosinophil cationic protein detection, and the basophil activation test. Immunotherapy has also developed rapidly, with researchers from around the world developing a variety of new specific and non-specific immunotherapies and technologies. This article summarizes the recent developments in type I hypersensitivity diagnosis technology and immunotherapy as a reference for future research.